FRONTLINE reveals the hidden story of the NFL and brain injuries. COLIN WEBSTER, Son: He would forget, you know, which way the grocery store was, which way it was to go home. ALAN SCHWARZ: I read on the wire that the NFL had given a million dollars to Boston University. Each time that happens, it's around 20G or more. I'll bring them to you. Is he from outer space? My boyfriend's been shot! But the NFL is under assault as thousands of former players claim the league has covered up footballs connection to long-term brain injuries. December 22, You know, she describes it as like the greatest collision on earth for her. CHRIS NOWINSKI, Author of the Book/Film Head Games: I'd be a fool not to worry about CTE personally. NARRATOR: Omalu started at the feet and worked his way up. He became you know, had irate moments of, you know, violent temper. [laughs] So we continued talking, talking. August 22, FRONTLINE is a registered trademark of WGBH Educational Foundation. ANNOUNCER: Well, that's a sight we thought would be impossible. NARRATOR: They'd been college sweethearts. NARRATOR: And buried in the documents, a stunning admission by the league's board football can cause brain disease. special counsel Gianna DeGiulio . NARRATOR: Long was an offensive lineman with the Steelers for eight years. And the dirtier and muddier it got made things better. Game time! No.". Answered over 90d ago. NARRATOR: Then just one month later, in Chicago, a dramatic gesture from Commissioner Goodell. All of my power is coming from my big rear end and my big thighs into my forearm, and I hit him in the face. They don't have they don't look at they haven't done this work. ANNOUNCER: a sight that is the last thing in the world the 49ers would want to see. NARRATOR: As Bailes left the meeting, he ran into New York Times reporter Alan Schwarz. TV is paying huge money to televise the sport. Jon and Jo Ann Hagler on behalf of the Jon L. Hagler Foundation. All this security is gone. PETER KEATING: Dr. Ira Casson, who is an expert, but an abrasive person who is contemptuous of the arguments that concussion can cause damage. JUNIOR SEAU: You have to sacrifice your body. home > Latest News > pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation. You know, he had veins all over his legs, varicose veins and stuff like that. NARRATOR: In the 1970s, Webster anchored four Super Bowl championship teams. Look out! ANNOUNCER: Speaking of color commentators. Create your citations, reference lists and bibliographies automatically using the APA, MLA, Chicago, or Harvard referencing styles. It looks like in the heart. I'm just saying the things we do to one another, OK. Dr. JULIAN BAILES: I was not the bearer of good news, probably, in many people's minds. MARK FAINARU-WADA, FRONTLINE/ESPN: Dr. Westbrook concurs with everything that the four other doctors have found and agrees that absolutely, there's no question that Mike Webster's injuries are football-related and that he appears to be have significant cognitive issues, brain damage, as a result of having played football. . So no, they're definitely different diseases." MARK FAINARU-WADA: Though the league previously, through Greg Aiello, acknowledged a link, there's no more acknowledging a link exists. The She says, "This is a crisis, and anybody who doesn't believe it is in denial.". NARRATOR: He'd lost millions of dollars gambling. I'm, like, "Mike, that's not healthy." Dr. ANN McKEE: And he wanted me to come to the NFL office and present the data. NARRATOR: At home, there were bouts of rage. (2018). NARRATOR: But that day, there were few reporters listening. And I knew that I felt awful. I watched players deceive coaches on the sidelines when they were injured and run back into a game. Dr. BENNET OMALU: The next thing, he said he doesn't want me touching his father's brain. LEGAL AIDE: OK, representing the National Football League will be Paul Clement. I mean, you know, it was, like, "Oh, the girl talked. And it wasn't hypothetical. legal Janice Flood . MARK FAINARU-WADA: The last thing the league wanted to be dealing with in that moment was the analogy to big tobacco. A lawyer is there to figure out what the league needs to do to defend itself against a storm that may or may not come, but the league has to be ready to fight. No. Dr. ANN McKEE: I'm not surprised that people don't believe me. So I tased him, and he goesand he goes to sleep. The book chronicles the National Football League's concussion crisis, which came to light with a few career-ending head injuries in the 1990s and became an even more serious issue as numerous deceased former players were found to have . Films on Demand. They were offering "peanuts," as one person said. Not long after her trip to Tampa, Dr. McKee received a phone call. This is information that I would have like to have had.". I had to make sure the slides were Mike Webster's slides. (2001). I played football when I was a kid. It's a big deal. Ah! When I got into the cab I was crying. Nearly four in five football players examined by one of the nation's leading brain banks tested positive for the disease now at the center of the debate over concussions in football. NEWSCASTER: He died on Tuesday. NARRATOR: The story of Webster's decline was revealed on ESPN, and then the local newspapers. Dr. ANN McKEE: I was called by Ira Casson. NARRATOR: On this day, the commissioner would take a front row seat to listen to the best medical minds in the league. And he said, "Well, who did we play?" Do you now acknowledge that there is a link between the game and these concussions that people have been getting, some of these brain injuries? ANNOUNCER: An awesome physical team were the Steelers today! NARRATOR: It was young's seventh concussion. If you need more information on APA citations check out our APA citation guide or start citing with the BibguruAPA citation generator. We're talking about a nefarious injury, one that you never feel until it's too late. And the next thing you know, they are reliving this conversation they'd had five minutes earlier. NARRATOR: And Tagliabue said he was skeptical about the risk from concussions, once calling the controversy the result of "pack journalism.". ROBERT STERN, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist, Boston University: I called her and said, "Are you interested in looking at the brains of former football players?" NARRATOR: What Omalu could not see was that hidden inside Webster's brain was evidence of a chronic disease. New York published from McGraw Hill Companies.Snickers commercial https://youtu.be/2rF . NARRATOR: In Pittsburgh at just about this time, Mike Webster's brain tissue was being examined. And I'm thinking I should donate my brain to this work.". People to observation schedule > therapeutic approaches psychoanalytic therapy > Juul exec slams FDA over approach! BETH WILKINSON, NFL's Attorney: Let's be clear. cheryl mchenry retiring; fruit pizza with cool whip no cream cheese; pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation close. Boston :WGBH Educational Foundation : Distributed by PBS Video, 2001. That was the message, "Don't worry about it. ROBERT CANTU, M.D., Neurosurgeon, BU CTE Center: No one, I think, would have thought that you were going to find chronic traumatic encephalopathy in a high school athlete. ROBERT CANTU, M.D., Neurosurgeon, Boston University: If you're going to put together a blue ribbon committee to study brain trauma, it should have as its chair somebody who has that as a background, either a neurologist, neurosurgeon, neuropathologist, preferably a clinician. Now, that kind of statement don't make news if anybody else says it. STEVE YOUNG: If my knee is hurt, everyone knows it and I know it, and we can go deal with it, and shoulders. If they got knocked out and went back into the same contest, it didn't matter. I watched them completely fight with doctors at every time to get into the game. STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: They call him, like, the designated brain chaser, like that's his job, to go out and get the brains. NFL figures show that concussion diagnoses jumped by almost a third this season, but we still don't always know who's getting injured or why. They publicly said he should retract his findings. He said, "If 10 percent of mothers in this country would begin to perceive football as a dangerous sport, that is the end of football.". ELEANOR PERFETTO, Wife of Ralph Wenzel: As the disease progressed, he went from being ill but fairly functional to getting to the point where he could no longer, you know, dress or feed himself. The fact that it was there, and he was only playing high school level sports, I mean, I think that's a cause for concern. There was a very severe hazard that was present in professional football, and it was a little secret. NARRATOR: Mark Lovell was a member of the committee and an author on some of the studies. I mean, he had florid disease. NARRATOR: Pittsburgh. The threat was that the league was going to have to pay out in the billions with a B, not millions with an M. NARRATOR: About one third of NFL veterans, including some of the biggest former stars, claimed the NFL had fraudulently concealed the danger to their brains. No, there's no relationship. You'll receive access to exclusive information and early alerts about our documentaries and investigations. NARRATOR: One week later, the commissioner made the league's position clear. Dr. BENNET OMALU: When I opened up his skull, in my mind, I had a mental picture of what his brain would look like, based on my education. He's just in every play. NARRATOR: And Dr. Omalu received his brain. A text book: The second edition of Psychology and Your Life by Robert S. Feldman written in 2013. ALAN SCHWARZ: They refused to listen to people who didn't share their opinions about the research, and it was very much, you know, putting a stake in the ground saying everybody else is wrong. So that's the that's just when I look back over 30 years of associated with football, that's the thing that's most alarming to me. PETER KEATING, ESPN Reporter: Good PR is one part of the NFL strategy. And that was you know, that was a prominent part of the settlement. NARRATOR: And there was one other surprise. STEVE FAINARU: From a scientific perspective, there's this secret that's being unlocked. NARRATOR: And if there was one iconic Steeler, it was number 52, "Iron Mike" Webster. NEWSCASTER: The National Football League says it will encourage current and former players to donate their brains, NARRATOR: As the story of the deal broke, NEWSCASTER: The NFL is donating $1 million towards the study. December 15, Assign these letters according to which title comes first alphabetically. You may use your text or the OWL. Michael Kirk & Mike Wiser I think the fault of the paper was, it was maybe too early to be making those statements based on a fairly small sample of players, which is the major criticism of the study which I think is a valid one. APA Activity 2: Citing PracticeCreate a reference page by citing the following sources in correct APA format. NARRATOR: Now Goodell was fully in charge of the league's handling of the concussion crisis. . And the NFL's message was, "Sorry. ANNOUNCER: And the Pittsburgh Steelers become the first franchise in history to win six Super Bowls! What causes some of the injuries that our players are still dealing with? ANNOUNCER: Tonight on FRONTLINE, the epic story of football's concussion crisis. Voodoo! We're talking in the year 2013. Michael Kirk That brain is normal. Grand Canyon University. And it starts destroying the integrity of the brain cells. NARRATOR: It took Goodell 24 years to work his way to the top. And so I called up Chris, like, "What the hell's going on?" APA. a Frontline production with Kirk Documentary Group, Ltd. ; WGBH ; produced by Michael Kirk, Jim Gilmore, Mike Wiser ; reported by Jim Gilmore, Steve Fainaru, Mark Fainaru-Wada ; written by Michael Kirk & Mike Wiser and Steve Fainaru & Mark Fainaru-Wada ; directed by Michael Kirk. Knock him out! I mean, you know, it was part of life. ROGER GOODELL, NFL Commissioner: We recently committed $30 million to the National Institutes of Health. I want you to fix the brain.". Dr. ANN McKEE: I'm up against a lot of doubters. Then a third time, he interrupted me, and I turned to him and I said, "OK, why don't you tell me what implications are?" ANNOUNCER: The build-up is over, and away we go in Super Bowl 43! The league donated $30 million dollars to the NIH to study sports injuries, including joint disease, chronic pain and CTE. You know, "I'm experiencing some problems. NARRATOR: McKee's warnings about the danger of the game have made her the subject of sharp criticism. He may have been "the" legend and "the" hero because here's that blue-collar worker, a center, who doesn't get any glory, doesn't catch the touchdown passes, doesn't kick the 52-yard field goal to win a game. Michael Kirk. They said, "Oh, you don't" just like Mike Webster, "You don't know Junior Seau?" I mean, what have I done? And Mike's favorite games were the ones that were cold and snowy and frigid. PRODUCED BY . He soon replaced the rheumatologist Dr. Elliot Pellman and promoted the neurologist Dr. Ira Casson. Dr. HENRY FEUER: If we for some reason coming came across as being disrespectful, then I would say that everybody else we interviewed over the 15 years must have felt the same way. STEVE FAINARU: He was a steroid user. Additional funding is provided by the Abrams Foundation; the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Park Foundation; the Heising-Simons Foundation; and the FRONTLINE Journalism Fund with major support from Jon and Jo Ann Hagler on behalf of the Jon L. Hagler Foundation, and additional support from Koo and Patricia Yuen. But from a neurological standpoint, you're going to have you're going to have some brain trauma. We don't know. Dr. Bennet Omalu was studying the microscopic samples. ALAN SCHWARZ: At the bottom of page 32, there it was, "dementia." JEANNE MARIE LASKAS, GQ, "Game Brain": He ran the same test, same stains, found the same splotches, CTE in his brain, too. That's all I can say about that. NARRATOR: He sat atop a multi-billion-dollar empire that he was determined to protect. Troy Aikman took a knee to the head. Dr. BENNET OMALU: I wish I never met Mike Webster. NARRATOR: Almost two decades after the NFL founded its first scientific committee to research the issue, the league continues to insist the evidence of a link between CTE and football is unclear. PAM WEBSTER, Wife: Mike wasn't Mike. Junior Seau's daughter says the focus of her dad's induction into the NFL Hall of Fame this weekend should be on his time as a player, not brain disease. They basically told him to go away and never come back. MARK FAINARU: He ends up in the dust bowl of north central California, and he's working as a medical examiner there, as far removed from the NFL as anybody could be, and trying to figure out how to sort of stay in it. "This is just not the right thing to happen.". What the trial would have done was bring out that evidence. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: You have an 18-year-old with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: The papers started to make statements about multiple head injuries were not a problem in the NFL. But it pains me to think of how much that hurt him. ANNOUNCER: Let's give him a big round of applause! Your pride's gone. I mean, that's the truth. With Will Lyman, Harry Carson, Steve Fainaru, Beth Wilkinson. MARK FAINARU-WADA: What the NFL would do was they would market tapes of "Crash Course," "Moment of Impact," "Search and Destroy" in the context of describing the brutal nature of the violence of the NFL. NEWSCASTER: We have put football injuries on the "American Agenda" tonight, NEWSCASTER: playing with pain, increasingly the price of life in the National Football League, NEWSCASTER: We've heard so much recently on the danger of concussions in sports, NEWSCASTER: This year, injuries in the National Football League may be out of control. Dr. ANN McKEE: I was shocked to find that in the brain of this 18-year-old, there were little tiny spots, little tiny areas in the frontal lobe that looked just like this disease. Find journal titles available online and in print. CORRESPONDENT: With early onset of Alzheimer's? ANNOUNCER: Here's the run-up, and Super Bowl 43 is under way with the flashbulbs a-poppin'! O nama. NARRATOR: From the beginning, the league's board was skeptical, reluctant to give Webster money. NARRATOR: Dr. McKee had examined thousands of brains, but the location of the damage from CTE was different. Dr. ANN McKEE: We have examined thousands of brains, and this is not a normal part of aging. Neither group showed any significant growth (Wong and Tuttle 2005). LEIGH STEINBERG: He looked at me and he said, "Leigh, where am I?" And it's impacting the way the brain is working, and ultimately, erupting in issues around memory, agitation, anger. The pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation Psychological Association page maker site: list the name a second.. Two ESPN reporters co-wrote the film devotes significant attention to the MLA handbook 8 th edition /a MLA. LEIGH STEINBERG: The actual logo of Monday Night Football showed helmets hitting together. Depends on who you listen to. NARRATOR: As he had for Webster, Dr. Omalu sectioned part of Long's brain and again had it stained. ANNOUNCER: A decades-long battle between scientists, players and the nation's most powerful sports league. I mean, you know, that would be extraordinary with any other disease, to be able to pull in that many cases just that were suspected. but do not use citation generators.A textbook: The second edition of Psychology and Your Life by Robert S. Feldman written in 2013. . That's really what is happening here, right? League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis. The way the Steelers played the game meshed perfectly with the people. I said, "I think I do. HARRY CARSON, Author, Captain For Life: The human body was not created or built to play football. League of denial : the NFL's concussion crisis. Glossary; Forum; pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation. League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis (19) 8.1 1 h 53 min 1983 13+ Thousands of former NFL players have claimed the league tried to cover up how football inflicted long-term brain injuries on many players. And it was probably 15 members of the committee. And so Webster would duct tape his feet, as well, to sort of close those cracks and keep them and keep them together. And if we have to defend this suit, as Paul was alluding to, we will do that and be able to make those factual allegations. And that was basically the idea that was conveyed by the NFL in that moment. And he said, "Did we win?" ", NARRATOR: insisted that players could return to the same game after suffering a concussion, DOCUMENT: "Return to play does not involve a significant risk of a second injury. An awesome physical team were the Steelers today, Pittsburgh, the Super Bowl champs! Tagliabue had begun his career as a lawyer. NARRATOR: Because he'd never had a diagnosed concussion, Dr. McKee suspected Thomas might have gotten CTE from the everyday sub-concussive hits that are an inherent part of the game. Steve has a Pulitzer Prize for reporting in Iraq. and He would just go off on the tangents at that point. NARRATOR: The inspiration for the movie sports agent Jerry Maguire, Steinberg was a powerhouse alongside the new NFL. NARRATOR: The league had its own doctor review Webster's case. pbs frontline special league of denial apa citationdeny the witch 9th edition rulesdeny the witch 9th edition rules DOCUMENT: "indicate that his disability is the result of head injuries he suffered as a football player.". MARK FAINARU-WADA: She's learned a little bit about the work that had previously been done in this issue by Omalu and others, and she's eager to find some brains. Note: These citations are software generated and may contain errors. So not only was it an issue for my clients, it was a huge societal issue. ST. LOUIS - On January 5, the winner of a $50,000 scratch-off ticket bought in Charleston, Missouri, went to the St. Louis Regional Office to claim the prize. How do you eliminate them with and have the game still be football? MARK FAINARU-WADA: He like Webster, his life had sort of fallen apart in a lot of ways. JUNIOR SEAU: [NFL Films] A perfect hit is when you're faced up, coming one on one, and you hear him go, "Uh" just a little "Uh.". NARRATOR: To her, it may be the beginnings of an epidemic. ANNOUNCER: Third down and 9, Young throws, and that's incomplete, and down! STEVE FAINARU: Congress saw it as a way to put the NFL's concussion policies on trial in the court of public opinion. And sure enough, stripped across the top of The Times sports section the next day is that very story. At some point, he interrupted me again, "Bennet, do you think you know the implications of what you're doing?" And I think the NFL has given everybody 765 million reasons why you don't want to play football. ANNOUNCER . The league actually never got around to looking at it in any kind of valid way. They granted Webster monthly disability payments. I think that we need to learn more about these former athletes, learn more about them during their living years so that we can better understand what their neuro-cognitive function is like, what their emotional status is like. NARRATOR: As the concussion story received more attention, the coverage helped spark interest in the nation's capital. MARK FAINARU-WADA: And so ultimately, he committed suicide by drinking antifreeze. I was expecting to see a brain with Alzheimer's disease features, so a shriveled, ugly-looking brain. Football & # x27 ; s concussion crisis a nefarious injury, one that you never until... Elliot Pellman and promoted the neurologist dr. Ira Casson, Author of the league previously, through Greg Aiello acknowledged! 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