census for 1860 and not know whether that person was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave census, because published In the months following Abraham Lincolns election as president of the United States in 1860, Georgias planter politicians debated and ultimately paved the way for the states secession from the Union on January 19, 1861. of almost two thirds between 1860 and 1870, so obviously that is where many freed slaves went. 1901-1910, [picture courtesy of Library of Congress], [picture courtesy of GA County snapshots]. Richard Carnes received a land grant of 200 acres in 1793, 52 acres in 1795, and 46 acres in 1795 also. Long before cotton became king, rice ruled the low country. Testimony from enslaved people reveals the huge importance of family relationships in the slave quarters. of Indians prepared for battle. During cholera epidemics on some Lowcountry plantations, more than half the enslaved population died in a matter of months. As of 1800, maps showed 68 plantations outside the villages of Cruz and Coral Bay. Glynn County, GPS Coordinates The legal prohibition against slave testimony about whites denied enslaved people the ability to provide evidence of their victimization. comparing census data for 1870 and 1960, the transcriber did not take into consideration any relevant changes in county The process of publication of slaveholder names beginning with larger slaveholders will enable naming of the holders detailed, searchable and highly recommended database that can found at http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/ . In other words, only half of Georgias slaveholders enslaved more than a handful of people, and Georgias planters constituted less than 5 percent of the states adult white male population. of the Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Through these challenges black slaves earned some of the benefits their predecessors had earned on coastal rice plantations. Whatever their location, enslaved Georgians resisted their enslavers with strategies that included overt violence against whites, flight, the destruction of white property, and deliberately inefficient work practices. Sherman and his troops laid siege to Atlanta in late summer and burned much of the city before finally capturing it. This is a list of plantations and/or plantation houses (otherwise known as concentration or forced labor camps) in the United States of America that are national memorials, National Historic Landmarks, listed on the National Register of Historic Places or other heritage register, or are otherwise significant for their history, association with significant events or people, or their architecture and design. Following the holder list is a was a slave on the 1860 census, the free census for 1860 should be checked, as almost 11% of African Americans were Example of an 18th-century rum factory, and ruins of a. As plantations became larger and the opportunity for higher profits emerged in the early 1800s, plantation owners sought to control all aspects of their respective product. An inscription on the original reads "Charleston S.C. 4th March 1833 'The land of the free & home of the brave.'". interpretation questions and inconsistent counting and page numbering methods used by the census enumerators, interested As it turned out, slaveholders expected and largely realized harmonious relations with the rest of the white population. Mart A. Stewart, What Nature Suffers to Groe: Life, Labor, and Landscape on the Georgia Coast, 1680-1920 (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2002). hold slaves on the 1860 slave census could have held slaves on an earlier census, so those films can be checked also. For example, rather than purchase casks from outside sources made their own to reduce costs. Hourly plantation tours offered, last tour at 4 p.m. Closed Thanksgiving, Christmas & New Year's Day. The urban environment of Savannah also created considerable opportunities for enslaved people to live away from their owners watchful eyes. Acres of moss laden Live Oak trees, remnants of rice levees and a dairy operation, and seven nineteenth century buildings, hint at the impactful story of Hofwyl-Broadfield Plantation, offering clues to a past where the rich culture of initially enslaved and later free people of African ancestry is interwoven with that of people of European descent to form a distinct regional historical, agricultural, and natural treasure on the banks of the Altamaha River. This historic antebellum estate was the site of major sugar production in the 1800s. Kate was married twice. Retrieved Sep 30, 2020, from https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/slavery-in-antebellum-georgia/. Extent: 222 items. In the aftermath of the Civil War, Georgia farmers attempted to restore the states agricultural economy, but the relationship between land and labour changed dramatically. right and the other half to the left, with instructions to keep up a House is no longer standing but the family cemetery, private chapel exist still. Georgia became emblematic of Southern poverty, in part because Pres. Plantation home architecture not truly Southern (1952) By Fred L. Halpern - The Knoxville Journal (Tennessee) July 6, 1952. Between 1860 and 1870, the Georgia colored Guided tours are offered of the restored mansion's antique-filled rooms, as well as its lush gardens and grounds shaded with live oak trees. Visit Blue Ridge, one of the Souths best mountain towns, where small town charm meets upscale shopping and dining. Unusually well-built slave cabins; summer tours given by Cassina Garden Club, This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 02:09. Requests for permission to publish or reproduce the resource should be submitted to the, StoryCorps Atlanta: Taft Mizell [story of great-grandmother during slavery], WABE: One on One with Steve Goss: Preserving the Gullah Geechee Culture, Voyages: The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, From Slavery to Civil Rights: Teaching Resources from Library of Congress, New York Times: A Map of American Slavery (1860), Georgia Historical Society: Walter Ewing Johnston Letter, Georgia Historical Society: Samuel J. Josephs Receipt, Georgia Historical Society: King and Wilder Families Papers, Georgia Historical Society: James Potter Plantation Journal, Georgia Historical Society: Isaac Shelby Letter, Georgia Historical Society: Port of Savannah Slave Manifests, Georgia Historical Society: Robert G. Wallace Bill of Sale, Georgia Historical Society: Thomas B. Smith Bill of Sale, Georgia Historical Society: George Craghead Writ, Georgia Historical Society: Manigault Family Plantation Records, Georgia Historical Society: John Mallory Bill of Sale, Georgia Historical Society: Julia Floyd Smith Papers, Georgia Historical Society: Wiley M. Pearce Bill of Sale, Georgia Historical Society: Inferior Court for People of Color Trial Docket and Superior Court of Georgia Dead Docket, Georgia Historical Society: Kollock Family Papers, Georgia Historical Society: Fanny Hickman Emancipation Act, Georgia Historical Society: Papot Family Papers, Georgia Historical Society: Georgia Chemical Works Agreement with Mrs. H. C. Griffin, Georgia Historical Society: William Wright Ledger. As The Atlantic notes in an excellent article about the auction: Our latest content, your inbox, every fortnight. The name Gerogiana is just Geroge and Anna put together. in 1800 was 162,686; in 1810 was 252,433; in 1820 was 348,989; in 1830 was 516,567; in 1840 was 691,392 and in 1850 was 905,999. gin house and some other buildings was reached and the fence used as a Both these factors led to a rise in slavery in western and northern Georgia. Frequently Georgia enslaved families cultivated their own gardens and raised livestock, and enslaved men sometimes supplemented their families diets by hunting and fishing. Though the census schedules speak in terms of "slave owners", the transcriber has chosen to use the National Library, . Betty Wood, Womens Work, Mens Work: The Informal Slave Economies of Lowcountry Georgia (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1995). purposes. King lived in Atlanta and was buried there after he was assassinated in 1968; his grave is now a national historic site. The expanding presence of evangelical Christian churches in the early nineteenth century provided Georgia slaveholders with religious justifications for human bondage. two thirds more than what the colored population had been 100 years before.) Depending on their place of residence and the personality of their slaveholders, enslaved Georgians experienced tremendous variety in the conditions of their daily lives. The latest wonders from the site to your inbox. P. & Joel T., 109 slaves, District 4 & 5 & 28, page 356B, FREEMAN, James & YELLDELL, Ellen, 49 slaves, District 28, page 365, GRIST, Richard J. F., 100 slaves, District 4 & 5 & 28, page 356, HARRELL, Dempsy, 60 slaves, District 26, page 370, HARRIS, Joshua, 41 slaves, District 4 & 28, page 3363 ends 362B, HIGHTOWER, Henry Allen, 39 slaves, District 6, page 354B, HIGHTOWER, Joel, 54 slaves, District 6, page 353, HILL, Richard B., 62 slaves, District 4 & 5 & 28, page 357B, HOLMES, G. Wyatt, 30 slaves, District 28, page 367, JOHNSTON, David S., 86 slaves, District 28 & 26, page 372, KOONCE, Susan, 33 slaves, District 28, page 364, MATHEWS, Sarah Hutchins, by John Mathews, 60 slaves, District 28, page 373, MAXWELL, Sarah N., 64 slaves, District 4 & 5 & 28, page 357, MCCLARY, Samuel, 38 slaves, District 28, page 366B, MERCIER, George W., 47 slaves, District 4 & 28, page 363, NESBITT, Martha D., 79 slaves, District 4 & 5 & 28, page 358, OLIVER, Joshua B., 37 slaves, District 6, page 355B, PERRY, Joel W., 40 slaves, District 28, page 364, RANSOM?, James, 73 slaves, District 28, page 363B, REDDICK, John, 42 slaves, District 6, page 355, ROBINSON, Bolling H., 49 slaves, District 5 & 26 & 1164, page 373B, SALTER, James, 31 slaves, District 6, page 354B, SALTER, Thos., 49 slaves, District 5, page 374, SHACKLEFORD, James, 231 slaves, District 26, page 368, SPEIGHT, Thomas E., 45 slaves, District 28, page 365B, STAFFORD, S. S., 39 slaves, District [? After some experimentation with various contractual arrangements for farm labour following emancipation, the system of sharecropping, or paying the owner for use of the land with some portion of the crop, became a generally accepted institution in Georgia and throughout the South. While many factors made rice cultivation increasingly difficult in the years after the Civil War, the family continued to grow rice until 1913. He was a brother to Marc ALEXANDER, A. C. S., 73 slaves, District 6, page 353B, ALEXANDER, G. W., Joel W. Perry for minors of, 33 slaves, District 28 & 26, page 372, ALEXANDER, Martin T., 47 slaves, District 28, page 365, AVERITT, Abner, 40 slaves, District 4 & 28, page 362, BRYAN, William B. Harmony Hall Plantation, located on the west bank of the North River, was started in 1787 by a land grant of 470 acres to Thomas Cryer, who in 1787 added 200 acres. As of 1800, maps showed 68 plantations outside the villages of Cruz and Coral Bay. The subtitle "A Sequel to Mrs Kemble's Journal", refers to the book penned by Fanny Kemble, a noted British actress and wife to Pierce Mease Butler (though divorced by the time of the auction), who produced one of the most detailed accounts of a slave plantation in her Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation 1838-1839. Bullock steadfastly promoted African American equality to no avail, as the Democratic Party, which dismissed Georgias Republicans as scalawags, regained control in 1871 and set Georgia on a course of white supremacist, low-tax, and low-service government. Brunswick, GA 31525 The planter elite, who made up just 15 percent of the states slaveholder population, were far outnumbered by the 20,077 slaveholders who enslaved fewer than six people. It was a fortune, however, soon squandered by way of Butler the younger's chronic gambling habit and stock market speculation. The threat of selling an enslaved person away from loved ones and family members was perhaps the most powerful weapon available to slaveholders. Two other civil rights organizations, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and the Southern Regional Council, also conducted activities from Atlanta to challenge the racial status quo. You will be enchanted by Chateau Elan Winery & Resort, thrilled by Michelin Raceway Road Atlanta, and charmed by historic Downtown Braselton. After a brisk march of about half a mile they came upon a party Before presuming an African American While little remains of other plantations in this area, Hofwyl-Broadfield stands much as it did nearly 200 years ago, offering a glimpse into Georgia's 19th-century rice culture. The new state of Georgia consequently viewed Creeks as impediments to the expansion of plantation slavery rather than as partners in trade. Although the law technically prohibited whites from abusing or killing enslaved people, it was extremely rare for whites to be prosecuted and convicted for these crimes. This is a list of plantations and/or plantation houses in the U.S. state of Georgia that are National Historic Landmarks, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, listed on a heritage register, or are otherwise significant for their history, association with significant events or people, or their architecture and design. In the 1800s, the main reason for large plantations was to produce cash crops, such as tobacco, rice, and cotton. Slave owners in 1850 and 1860 also include people from the low country of South Carolina who had summer estates in Flat Rock. slaveholder. On such occasions slaveholders shook hands with yeomen and tenant farmers as if they were equals. The 48,000 Africans imported into Georgia during this era accounted for much of the initial surge in the enslaved population. 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