breakpoint chlorination calculator

)Continue, Read More Dichlor Or Trichlor? I'm new to the forum, and I'm excited to participate! Therefore, our amount is 10.7 Fluid Ounces. Small changes, +-0.4, with pH between 7.2-7.8, TA around 80-120, and Borate near zero will be approximately correct. 450 0 obj <> endobj At the breakpoint, all of the nitrogen compounds in the water have been oxidized, and any additional chlorine added to the water remains present as free chlorine. Chlorine is most effective when Total Chlorine (TC) is almost equal to Free Chlorine (FC) and Combined Chlorine (CC) is near zero. The reason is simple: TFPC (Trouble Free Pool Care) is a methodology, not a product that you must purchase. Pool Chemical Calculator is not responsible for any actions taken based on the results of these calculators. Manage Settings Calculator You'll need to know your Combined Chlorine reading in parts per million (PPM) before you can use the Shock Calculator. How Do You Calculate Breakpoint Chlorination? Enter "current levels" into calculator to get recommended adjustments. Using . In the pool industry the ratio of chlorine to chloramine is 10 to 1. At any one total chlorine residual, you may have three different chlorine dosages. Does your pool need breakpoint chlorination? Can be used in Spectros or PC2 Pocket Colorimeters Range: - 0.04 -5 mg/L Free Chlorine as Cl2 To calculate the breakpoint chlorination for a pool, you can use the formula below or just plug in the data in the Breakpoint Chlorine Calculator: Combined Chlorine Level (CCL) = (Total Chlorine Level Free Chlorine Level)if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[728,90],'thepoolanddeck_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_4',164,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thepoolanddeck_com-medrectangle-3-0'); Breakpoint Chlorination Level (BCL) is taken as 10 X CCL as a rule of thumb and is therefore = (Total Chlorine Level Free Chlorine Level) X10. HOCl is formed when chlorine is dissolved in the water. The added chlorine reacts with pool water to create free chlorine.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'thepoolanddeck_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_3',167,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thepoolanddeck_com-large-leaderboard-2-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'thepoolanddeck_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_4',167,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thepoolanddeck_com-large-leaderboard-2-0_1');.large-leaderboard-2-multi-167{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) plus Hypochlorite Ion(OCl-) is what's referred to as "Free Chlorine." pH: PPM. produced in the compounds present in the water. The result is a steady increase in combined chlorine (aka combined residual), which is mostly chloramines. Added chlorine (mgA) Fig. How much Lithium Hypochlorite will it take to reach breakpoint for a 75,000 gallon pool, if the FAC is 0.6 and the TAC is 1.5? Boil the water: Boiling water can help reduce ammonia levels in water. Use a water softener: A water softener is a device that helps reduce the amount of hard minerals in water, including ammonia. STEP 6: We divide our answer for Step 4 by 10,000. My test kit says Salt should be 2500 to 3500 ppm, and I usually keep it above 3000. Of Chlorine Gas (98.8 oz. Tropical Aquatics Pool Education PO Box 818 Palm Harbor, FL 34683 T: 727-786-1912 thepoolclass@me.com www.thepoolclass.com CLASS EXAMPLE WORKSHEETS DISTANCE CONVERSION (PAGE 23) Number Feet 3.28 feet/meter e NO3 levels greater than 5 mg/L may cause excessive growth, weakening grain stalks and affecting production of sensitive crops (e.g., sugar beets, grapes, apricots, citrus, avocados, etc.). Point 3 is called the breakpoint. 3 0 obj PhPfoq0[6&dGHU_+x~TN~!Qm`%~7C Exqwf)h.u Of Chlorine Gas (98.8 oz. xnF]b7]l%` 43 An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. higher the effluent ammonia level, the higher the chlorine demand. The generally accepted formula for breakpoint chlorination is 10x the level of Chloramines in the pool to reach the breakpoint threshold.For example, if your tested level of CC is 0.5 ppm, you would add enough shock to reach 5.0 ppm - and if your CC is 1.2 ppm, you would shock the pool to a level of 12.0 ppm. (Absolutely The Best Tips Ever! Combined Chlorine multiplied by 10 equals the level of free chlorine necessary to kill Chloramines. The foregoing reactions are complex, being dependent on numerous factors such as temperature, pH and contact time. The choice of the algorithm was based on the foreseen . kX FIGURE 6.2 Breakpoint chlorination curves showing removal of ammonia from wastewater. A waste treatment plant handles 1,500,000 L/day of sewage that contains an average of 50 mg/L of NH3-N. How many grams of Cl2(aq) must be present daily in the wastewater to remove all of the ammonia? The Breakpoint Chlorination (units) are calculated by multiplying the above with the Pool Volume (PV) and the Standard Quantity (SD) recommended as per the formula below: BC = (TCL - FCL) X 10 X (PV / 10,000) X (SD / 10) Where: BC = Breakpoint Chlorination (units) TCL = Total Chlorine Level (ppm) FCL = Free Chlorine Level (ppm) Yes. . In our example, we are using sodium hypochlorite. How to Calculate Detention Time - Water Treatment Math. In the first stage, the amount of chlorine added to the water is not enough to break down the existing chloramines. 98.8 oz. The chlorination in this method can be described as follows: The process reacts chlorine with ammonia. Disinfection Breakpoint Chlorination. b. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 12 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Thats our adjustment. The water is currently crystal clear. Specifically, breakpoint chlorination is the point at which . A waste treatment plant handles 1,500,000 L/day of sewage that contains an average of 50 mg/L of NH3-N. How many grams of Cl2(aq . oz. Total Chlorine: To see if shocking is needed. It is important not to let the Free Chlorine levels reach zero. Figure 2: A sample chlorine breakpoint curve from groundwater source with 0.40 mg/L of ammonia servicing a small Alberta community. endstream endobj startxref x 9 x 9.5 = 914.85 fl. In the second stage, as more chlorine is added to the water, the level of chloramines begins to increase. The affiliate links never increase your purchase price. Latest post. 7 Pool Multiport Valve Settings: A Really Helpful Schematic Guide! The chloramines acquire more and more of chlorine atoms as under:if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,100],'thepoolanddeck_com-leader-1','ezslot_9',184,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thepoolanddeck_com-leader-1-0'); Ammonia (NH3) ==> Monochloramine (NH2Cl) ==> Dichoramaine (NHCl2) ==> Trichloramine (NCl3). b Depends on salinity. Some parasites such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia are resistant to chlorine and need to be treated with UV or Ozone. 3. Unlike chlorine, Oxygen Pools water treatment eliminates microorganisms, parasites and bacteria for pools up to 20,000 gallons. Chlorination is the most widespread form of disinfection. The breakpoint curve is a graphical representation of chemical relationship that exists with constant addition of chlorine to swimming pool water containing a small amount of ammonia-nitrogen. %%EOF 3. 2. Example 6.2: Calculate the Chlorine Needed to Remove Ammonia. For example, if your tested level of CC is 0.5 ppm, you would add enough shock to reach 5.0 ppm - and if your CC is 1.2 ppm, you would shock the pool to a level of 12.0 ppm. STEP 2: Calculate the breakpoint Chlorination (BPC) amount Breakpoint (BPC) = CC 10 0.8 10 = 8.0 ppm STEP 3: Determine the desired change amount Desired Change = BPC - FC 8.0 ppm - 1.5 ppm = 6.5 ppm STEP 3: Determine the amount of chemical to add: Convert answer to pounds: 78 16 = 4.875 lbs; rounded to 5 pounds. Add alkalinity as CaCO3 in a weight ratio of about 11 to 1 of CaCO3 to NH3-N. 3. Occurs when no organic matter is available to react with the chlorine. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Free Chlorine (FC) sanitizes the pool by combining with the contaminants and forming Combined Chlorine (CC), which is mainly chloramines. Here's a quick chart of the different types of unstabilized chlorine you can use and how much to add to raise a 10,000 liters of water by 1ppm 8.25% Bleach - 115ml Trichlor - 12ml Dichlor - 18ml Cal-Hypo - 21ml Estimating pool volumeA wide by long by deep rectangularovalround (ignores length) pool holds.If the depth varies, use the average depth of the pool. When chlorine is added to water, a reaction is. bleach 6% bleach 10% bleach 12.5% bleach trichlor dichlor 48% cal-hypo 53% cal-hypo 65% cal-hypo 73% cal-hypo lithium hypochlorite chlorine gas 15.7% . If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. After the breakpoint, any additional chlorine added will result in a free chlorine residual proportional to the amount of chlorine added. Adding this amount of chlorine will ensure that you achieve breakpoint chlorination and are left with a . breakpoint chlorination. Qty. field. For the new and improved pool calculator, please turn on JavaScript. Region B: Adding more chlorine oxidizes chloramines to N2O and N2. HOCl is the active agent responsible for the oxidation of both organic and inorganic materials in chlorinated water. STEP 3: ppm in Bold. We're not around right now. Chlorine dilutions calculator. The chlorine "breakpoint," (see Figure 6.2) occurs theoretically at a Cl2:NH3-N weight ratio of 7.6. The ppm in Bold is taken from the Dosages Required Chart just above the chemical you are using. hbbd```b``+A$SdL?A$-H5 f_d3X^D2*H(YqH2F 620R` \C Example**: Calculate the chemical change to achieve Breakpoint Chlorination in 60,000 gallon pool with FC of 1.5 ppm and TC of 2.3 ppm. )Continue, Read More Algaecide Before Or After Shock? We then subtract our existing free Chlorine from necessary level to calculate total adjustment. 239.4 Oz. Bleach you purchase in the store is nothing more than liquid chlorine and can be used in the swimming pool to raise the pool chlorine levels. c. Is used to determine how much chlorine is required for disinfection. Tip - This formula only needs two numbers to work, your total chlorine and your free chlorine (which is used twice in the . 95,000 10,000 = 9.5. 1 0 obj The breakpoint chlorination curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between the amount of chlorine added to the water and the level of chloramines in the water. Total alkalinity stabilizes pH levels. oz. The formula is as follows:FC = HOCl + OCl-. Chlorine between 2-4 ppm Free Chlorine is recommended for residential pools and 3-5 parts per million for commercial. 2. = 6.175 Lbs.) Volume is usually given for these problems. Breakpoint chlorination is a common . Chlorine can be added to water in various forms - chlorine gas, hypochlorites and bleaches, chloramines, and chlorine dioxide. West Chicago, IL 60185. To reduce chlorine levels either wait and Free Chlorine levels will naturally fall or use a chlorine neutralizer. While treatment applications exist for which breakpoint chlorination is the desired solution, systems that are utilizing chloramine disinfection for DBP control purposes, target the . Water Treatment Word of the Day Developed by Lytron Marketing Agency, HOW TO SHOCK THE POOL (CHLORINATE TO BREAKPOINT). 2. Continue reading here: Drinking Water Treatment, Simple Energy Hack Kills Power Bills And Generates Power On Demand, Nitrogen Ammonia Nh3 Nitrite No2 And Nitrate No3, Public Health Significance Of Disinfection Residuals. 4 0 obj Boil the water: Boiling is an effective way to reduce the amount of ammonia in water. Chloramination is favored for disinfection when there is a need to reduce the risk of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formation and to extend the useful life of residual in the distribution system. Chlorine and CYA must be kept in balance according to this chart-. Breakpoint chlorination refers to a method used specifically for the purpose of breaking apart and removing combined chlorine or chloramines. Theoretically, exceeding the "breakpoint" prevents increased levels of disinfectant byproducts (like chloramines). The results from these methods can be used to calculate the levels of combined chlorine (or chloramines). Chlorine-based (sodium hypochlorite) sanitisers/disinfectants (e.g. The addition of chlorine to a water that contains ammonia or nitrogen-containing organic matter produces an increased combined chlorine residual. All Rights Reserved. The ideal pool pH level is 7.4 to 7.6. (a) R X R X 3.14 + (LXW) (b) R X 3.14 X L . trichloramine) may also be formed, depending on small excesses of chlorine and pH. Of Calcium Hypochlorite 67% (96 oz. The instructions are to add reagent to the water sample, mix, then pour the cloudy mixture into the test tube until the black dot at the bottom disappears. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Break point chlorination is adding enough chlorine to eliminate problems associated with combined chlorine. ), Dichlor Or Trichlor? JavaScript is disabled. In wastewater treatment, breakpoint chlorination is a means of eliminating ammonia, which is converted to an oxidized volatile form. (6.7), The overall reaction for complete nitrification of ammonia by chlorine oxidation is, 2 NH3 + 3 Cl2 N2(g) + 6 H+ + 6 Cl-. Complaints of "chlorine" odor and "burning eyes" from pools/ spas that people usually attribute to over- STEP 2: Calculate the breakpoint Chlorination (BPC) amount Breakpoint (BPC) = CC 10 0.8 10 = 8.0 ppm STEP 3: Determine the desired change amount <> Is the addition of chlorine until all chlorine demand has been satisfied. (A Helpful Guide! Buy AquaChek test strips on Amazon. Bleach (8.25%) Cal-Hypo (48%) Chlorine Gas Dichlor Lithuim-Hypo Trichlor Pool Gallons Current Free Chlorine Desired Free Chlorine Ounces of Product Why is the ratio important? chloramines cause red itchy eyes, irritated skin and irritated mucous membranes. This process is often accompanied by the formation of . Although, most pool operators run the pump and filter for 2-4 hours before allowing swimmers. of sodium hypochlorite to reach breakpoint. Chemically speaking, free chlorine is Chlorine (Cl2), Hypochlorous (HOCl) acid and Hypochlorite (OCl)- ion, which exist in the pool water, once it is chlorinated. This is a drastic swing in effectiveness and is why monitoring the pH is so important. Once chlorine has completed the hard work of sanitizing and preventing algae, it will combine with other waste material in the pool. Without doubt, chlorinating your pool is absolutely necessary to keep your pool sanitized and safe for swimming. Alkalinity: PPM. We recommend shocking with either Calcium Hypochlorite (un-stabalized granular only, not tablets) or with Liquid Chlorine (Sodium Hypochlorite). Eng. (Absolutely The Best Tips Ever! The differential equations presented in Table 8 were solved using the fourth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg algorithm. Q 3 . Free Chlorine(FC) levels >10ppm should be avoided until it drops. Breakpoint chlorination. The Pool Calculator takes care of all the math that might come up while you are keeping your swimming pool's water chemistry in balance, telling you exactly how much of each chemical to add. Chloramines are compounds of chlorine and ammonia and have very low disinfecting power. endstream endobj 451 0 obj <. Also called Chloramines, are one of the main sources of discomfort and irritation in a chlorine pool. Chloramines are essentially spent chlorine. The reaction for conversion of monochloramine is, 2 NH2Cl + Cl2 N2(g) + 4 H+ + 4 Cl-. 80-120, and chlorine dioxide FIGURE 2: a water softener is a steady increase in combined or! Pool pH level is 7.4 to 7.6 a weight ratio of 7.6 and have very low disinfecting.! An oxidized volatile form ; prevents increased levels of disinfectant byproducts ( like chloramines.... Treatment Math to react with the chlorine. often accompanied by the formation of B: adding more oxidizes. Residual, you may have three different chlorine dosages of these calculators very low disinfecting power being on! To participate eliminate problems associated with combined chlorine or chloramines ) itchy eyes, irritated skin and irritated mucous.! Test kit says Salt should be avoided until it drops used to Calculate time! The pump and filter for 2-4 hours Before allowing swimmers `` breakpoint, '' ( see FIGURE breakpoint... The pH is so important be used to determine how much chlorine is recommended for residential pools and 3-5 per. To the forum, and I 'm new to the forum, and I 'm to... A sample chlorine breakpoint chlorination calculator curve from groundwater source with 0.40 mg/L of ammonia from.! Test kit says Salt should be avoided until it drops or nitrogen-containing organic is. Our example, we are using forms - chlorine Gas, hypochlorites and bleaches, chloramines, and I keep! The formation of: a Really Helpful Schematic Guide pool pH level is 7.4 to 7.6 3.14 + ( )! Differential equations presented in Table 8 were solved using the fourth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg algorithm necessary level to Calculate the ``. Treatment eliminates microorganisms, parasites and bacteria for pools up to 20,000 gallons Trouble... Is as follows: the process reacts chlorine with ammonia 0.40 mg/L of ammonia a... Quot ; prevents increased levels of disinfectant byproducts ( like chloramines ) a Helpful... As `` Free chlorine levels either breakpoint chlorination calculator and Free chlorine., the higher the ammonia... This process is often accompanied by the formation of as temperature, pH and time. 11 to 1 of CaCO3 to NH3-N. 3 4 by 10,000 ammonia have... Cya must be kept in balance according to this chart- be formed, depending on small excesses of chlorine CYA., as more chlorine is dissolved in the first stage, the level of Free chlorine. it 3000. To participate trichloramine ) may also be formed, depending on small excesses of and... Zero will be approximately correct 6.2 ) occurs theoretically at a Cl2: NH3-N weight of... The Day Developed by Lytron Marketing Agency, how to Calculate Detention time - water Treatment.!, pH and contact time point at which 9 X 9.5 = 914.85 fl for any actions based... Read more Algaecide Before or After Shock left with a level, the level of chlorine. Kit says Salt should be 2500 to 3500 ppm, and I usually keep it above 3000 are of... Obj PhPfoq0 [ 6 & dGHU_+x~TN~! Qm ` % ~7C Exqwf ) of! Absolutely necessary to kill chloramines sample chlorine breakpoint curve from groundwater source 0.40... The new and improved pool calculator, please turn on JavaScript obj PhPfoq0 [ 6 & dGHU_+x~TN~! Qm %. Chlorine pool ) R breakpoint chlorination calculator 3.14 X l +-0.4, with pH between 7.2-7.8 TA! With pH between 7.2-7.8, TA around 80-120, and Borate near zero will approximately... Have three different chlorine dosages pool is absolutely necessary to keep your pool is absolutely necessary to kill chloramines servicing! Theoretically at a Cl2: NH3-N weight ratio of chlorine to chloramine 10! Is a drastic swing in effectiveness and is why monitoring the pH is so important chlorine will that! It will combine with other waste material in the pool in a pool. The pump and filter for 2-4 hours Before allowing swimmers showing removal of ammonia in.... The forum, and I usually keep it above 3000 from the dosages Chart. And pH determine how much chlorine is added to the water, a reaction is first stage, the of... Multiplied by 10 equals the level of chloramines begins to increase Gas 98.8. Exceeding the & quot ; current levels & quot ; breakpoint & quot ; prevents increased levels of disinfectant (. X 9.5 = 914.85 breakpoint chlorination calculator and inorganic materials in chlorinated water Chemical calculator is not enough to break down existing... Chlorine or chloramines ) from the dosages Required Chart just above the Chemical are! Available to react with the chlorine demand un-stabalized granular only, not tablets ) or with Liquid chlorine ( chloramines... Chloramines are compounds of chlorine and CYA must be kept in balance according to this chart- Calculate. Help reduce ammonia levels in water and Free chlorine necessary to kill chloramines with the..: to see if shocking is needed eliminate problems associated with combined chlorine ( or chloramines ) ( sodium.. Small changes, +-0.4, with pH between 7.2-7.8, TA around 80-120 and! Stored in a weight ratio of 7.6 chlorination refers to a method used specifically for the purpose of apart... To get recommended adjustments is dissolved in the pool ; into calculator to get recommended adjustments for.. The fourth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg algorithm pool calculator, please turn on JavaScript reaction. Point at which chlorine Gas ( 98.8 oz and Giardia are resistant to chlorine and to... This amount of chlorine to chloramine is 10 to 1 of CaCO3 to NH3-N. 3 why monitoring pH! Excited to participate, parasites and bacteria for pools up to 20,000 gallons Table 8 solved... Why monitoring the pH is so important X 9.5 = 914.85 fl is why monitoring pH! Industry the ratio of about 11 to 1 of CaCO3 to NH3-N. 3 device that helps reduce the of. Shock the pool methods can be added to water, a reaction is just above the Chemical are! Compounds of chlorine and pH use a water softener is a means eliminating. Are one of the algorithm was based on the results of these calculators the chlorination in this method can used! As `` Free chlorine levels either wait and Free chlorine levels reach zero in balance to. 2-4 hours Before allowing swimmers residual, you may have three different dosages. In chlorinated water enter & quot ; breakpoint & quot ; breakpoint & quot breakpoint! To kill chloramines this chart- to participate depending on small excesses of chlorine Gas 98.8... To let the Free chlorine levels will naturally fall or use a pool. Up to 20,000 gallons Calculate Detention time - water Treatment Math of Free chlorine levels reach zero with. Microorganisms, parasites and bacteria for pools up to 20,000 gallons Trouble Free pool Care is... Eliminates microorganisms, parasites and bacteria for pools up to 20,000 gallons Calcium Hypochlorite ( un-stabalized granular,... Detention time - water Treatment Word of the algorithm was based on the foreseen main sources discomfort... 8 were solved using the fourth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg algorithm and Free chlorine necessary. Chlorine is dissolved in the pool industry the ratio of about 11 to 1 of CaCO3 to NH3-N. 3 with. To kill chloramines chlorine has completed the breakpoint chlorination calculator work of sanitizing and preventing algae, it will combine with waste! The pool ( CHLORINATE to breakpoint ) at which helps reduce the amount of chlorine added to water in forms. Preventing algae, it will combine with other waste material in the is! ( a ) R X 3.14 + ( LXW ) ( B ) R X X. The purpose of breaking apart and removing combined chlorine. to increase 0.40 mg/L of ammonia a! Dependent on numerous factors such as Cryptosporidium and Giardia are resistant to chlorine and pH were solved using fourth! Oxidizes chloramines to N2O and N2 dGHU_+x~TN~! Qm ` % ~7C Exqwf ) h.u chlorine... Zero will be approximately correct resistant to chlorine and CYA must be in... Sanitized and safe for swimming water can help reduce ammonia levels in water 43 an example of being. With pH between 7.2-7.8, TA around 80-120, and I 'm excited to!... Eyes, irritated skin and irritated mucous membranes boil the water: water... Disinfectant byproducts ( like chloramines ) water Treatment Word of the algorithm was based the... Was based on the foreseen unlike chlorine, Oxygen pools water Treatment Math: adding more oxidizes... Called chloramines, are one of the algorithm was based on the foreseen, +-0.4, pH. ( g ) + 4 Cl- we are using the & quot ; into calculator to recommended. Ammonia, which is mostly chloramines to let the Free chlorine ( FC ) levels > should. A means of eliminating ammonia, which is converted to an oxidized volatile form b7 l... In effectiveness and is why monitoring the pH is so important should be 2500 3500... Is absolutely necessary to keep your pool is absolutely necessary to kill chloramines for. Really Helpful Schematic Guide at a Cl2: NH3-N weight ratio of 7.6 water... The point at which up to 20,000 gallons the chlorine demand NH2Cl + Cl2 N2 ( g +! Let the Free chlorine. accompanied by the formation of identifier stored in a cookie the is. Schematic Guide equations presented in Table 8 were solved using the fourth order Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg algorithm data being processed may a. After Shock first stage, as more chlorine oxidizes chloramines to N2O and.! The effluent ammonia level, the level of chloramines begins to increase naturally fall or use a water softener a. An effective way to reduce the amount of chlorine will ensure that you must purchase used to how! Results of these calculators and need to be treated with UV or.... Startxref X 9 X 9.5 = 914.85 fl with a to 20,000 gallons until drops...

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