Born in 2010 and raced with one philosophy for nine seasons, that’s evolving from 2019 as a new era begins – with a new engine manufacturer and new ECUs. Yellow denotes a hard tyre, black (unmarked) is medium, white is soft. How fast is a MotoGP bike and how does it compare to a Superbike such as the BMW S1000RR from 0-300 km/h? Engine Liquid-cooled, 90° V4, four-stroke, evo desmodromic DOHC, four valves per cylinder. The Pit Stop: Has Mick Schumacher got Haas F1 drive on name or merit? Although cheap to manufacture, 2-strokes were environmentally unacceptable and so we moved to the comparatively ‘softer’ power delivery of 4-strokes. Horse Power affects the suspensio… Contact Crash.Net Privacy Policy Get Crash RSS Newsfeeds About Crash.Net. However, although not withdrawn, both engines used by the Frenchman (on his way to victory) during the opening Jerez weekend have not been seen again so far this season. They are similar to road vehicles and that is where the manufacturers wanted to go with engine development. Independent smaller teams, however, are supplied by those previously mentioned big manufacturers. The cost of a leased MotoGP is around £2million.”. If you don’t use your tyres economically, you will be affected somewhere further down the race. Triumph, which signed a three-year contract with Dorna (MotoGP commercial rights holder) to use its 765cc inline three cylinder in Moto2 from 2019 – … “Power from a two-stroke (up and down piston movements) is generated at every revolution of the crankshaft. The chassis are designed by different companies but similar in design. Symmetric ones have the same compound across the entire surface. The Pit Stop: Should Mercedes replace Bottas with Russell for F1 2021? For his expert view on more specific aspects of Moto GP racing, have a look at: Can you tell us about the motor found in a Moto GP motorcycle? Currently, he is a commentator for BT Sport. Honda, Ducati, Yamaha and Suzuki riders are allowed a maximum of 5 engine changes during the shortened season, with 7 engine changes available for riders from Concession manufacturers KTM and Aprilia. "For 2021 season, we're quite confident to be frank in our engines because of the reliability that we've seen using the right valves this season," he said. Suzuki MotoGP test rider Sylvain Guintoli was left 'encouraged' after a strong practice debut for the GSX-RR's prototype 2020 engine on Friday at the Japanese Grand Prix. Part 2, VIDEO: Who were the top 10 drivers of the 2020 F1 season? The 500cc two-stroke engines were just flying machines, they were so powerful. The motorcycle follows the same Repsol colours as we are used to, but rumour has it that the partnership between Honda and Repsol might be over at the end of 2020. Furthermore, ElectraWorks Limited is licensed by the UK Gambling Commission under the Gambling (Licensing and Advertising) Act 2014. There are rules and regulations regarding to upgrade of motogp bike cost. MotoGP, Rossi: "Tomorrow I'll have the 2020 engine. Last year, Michelin brought in intermediates for use in damp conditions, although I don’t expect to see them again.”. Engine and aero package freeze announced for 2020 and 2021 During the ongoing coronavirus outbreak, MotoGP™ continues to work hard on measures designed to … MotoGP top Speed. Then it was 800cc from 2007 to 2012, which required a completely different riding style. “I asked Danny Aldridge, the technical director at Moto GP, why they don’t include the riders’ weight in restrictions. If it’s not a winning bet, you’ll get up to £20 back as a FreeBet. When your bike weighs less that that, you break a technical qualification and are immediately disqualified. It’s the one thing teams set their motorcycle up around. The 2020 FIM MotoGP World Championship was the premier class of the 72nd F.I.M. Road Racing World Championship season. Tyre compounds can be symmetric or asymmetric. The top teams use pneumatic valve springs to close the valves, because at these engine … It’s a motorcycle that generally works well for both engineers and riders. Indeed, all six manufacturers have now officially 'withdrawn' an engine from at least one of their riders, which means that the engine cannot be used on track again this season. ', VIDEO: Who were the top 10 drivers of the 2020 F1 season? PLUS: How Yamaha's engine debacle may cost it the 2020 MotoGP title. If the total number of events in 2020 is lower than 12 (including Qatar), both 2020 and 2021 will be considered as only one season and the combined maximum engine … MotoGP Engine Cost ($425,000): It depends on the team how much they want to spend before the race season. Register, deposit £10 or more and place a Sport bet (3+ selections) up to £20, each with odds of 1/2 (1.5) or greater. Four-strokes generate power (firing) every two revolutions. “Tyres are classified by a coloured banding around them. V4 engines are found in some of the bikes, 4s in others, all with a 6 speed manual gearbox. The independent bikes are within a few tenths of a second of the full factory spec bikes now.”. It’s an aspirated engine. This much is obvious when we watch a MotoGP race: the inline-four swoops past through a … Aprilia show us how they're developing their RSGP! “There is more power than tyre grip, only limited by electronics and bravery. In short, an F1 car does not have this software as it does for the MotoGP team riders. Racing Point, McLaren, Renault or Ferrari - who will win F1’s fight for P3? Look & listen to how different engine configurations produce the incredible noise of #MotoGP bikes! We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. In brief, a V4 engine produces more horsepower, while the inline-four allows better handling. I really liked two-stroke engines, but we’ve now moved to four-stroke engines. Teams with big budget put the best features and parts to their bike engines that will cost them ($500,000) maximum, according (MotoGP Blog) report in 2019. All the riders, results, schedules, races and tracks from every Grand Prix. 2020 MotoGP Ducati Desmosedici “In order to succeed in this situation, it is necessary to keep investing in research and development, and racing is a crucial part of our commitment to this. “Tyres are a major issue. International website MyDucati. All of this information is then transmitted to the engine, and the power to the wheels to move. Here Keith Huewen talks about the motor specifications and the tyres in Moto GP racing. Since 2015, it has been Michelin. Aside from Vinales, Morbidelli and Rossi, Avintia Ducati's Johann Zarco is the only other rider to have already put track time on all (five) of his engines so far this season. 50) for the operation of remote gambling. The riders I’ve spoken to are really happy with the new tyres. These weight limits don’t take into account the rider, like they do in Moto2 and 3. The complexity of a motorbike nowadays is incredible. Yamaha’s preparations for the 2020 MotoGP season ramped up a notch on Thursday as it continued to develop its new engine, even if riders Valentino Rossi and Maverick Vinales appeared less than enthused on first impressions. If you break a rule, you’re out of the door – that’s what I love about the rulebook. "You can't be happy with a 6th place, but I managed to ride better. PLUS: How Yamaha's MotoGP engine woes haunted it in Portugal. The only time Vinales and Morbidelli have used Jerez 1 engines again was during practice in Austria. What are its specs? They felt it doesn’t make much difference. This is achieved in MotoGP by rotating the engine backwards by raising the front cylinder, which reduces wheelbase by a fraction and brings the crankshaft forward to put more weight on the front tyre for better turning. Can you go through the different types of tyres used? The 125 cc and 250 cc classes still consisted exclusively of two-stroke machines. Engine Liquid-cooled, 90° V4, four-stroke, evo desmodromic DOHC, four valves per cylinder. The maximum speed is over 340 km/h The number of engines available for use by each permanent contracted rider is limited to 7 for all of the scheduled races of a season of up to 20 races. How much does the Moto GP bike typically weigh? We take a look at Ducati's Desmosedici GP18. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The Ducati is without a doubt the fastest motorcycle on the racetrack, but new rules will reduce that gap. We’re seeing record times. The total or partial reproduction of text, photographs or illustrations is not permitted in any form. Moto2™ is changing. ElectraWorks Limited, the provider of this website, is licensed by the Government of Gibraltar and regulated by the Gibraltar Gambling Commissioner under the Gambling Act 2005. It develops a maximum output Over 176kw (240 PS). But from 2012 until today, MotoGP has been competed on 1000cc machines. “The 500cc two-stroke bikes were incredibly fast and difficult to ride – we had no traction control back then, no launch control, no wheelie control and none of the electronic trickery that we now have. By signing up to the newsletter you agree to receive emails from crash.net that may occasionally include promotional content, How 'calmer' Sam Lowes is getting in the Moto2 'flow', Weather worries, but Ducati's Jack Miller 'loves' Le Mans, Consistency carried Suzuki from 'zero' to hero in MotoGP 2020, Aprilia 'close, need to do the last step' in MotoGP, Brembo's brake supremacy continues in MotoGP during 2020, Zarco: Rabat strong in Moto2, 'complicated' in MotoGP, Jerez set to host two official MotoE pre-season tests, Cal Crutchlow: I was different to the corporate robots, it worked for me, 15 circuits that could hold races on a rotational F1 calendar, Red Bull partners with ORECA to design Hydrogen Class chassis for Le Mans 2024, Suzuki's Facebook approach for Rossi led to Brivio as team manager. Teams are called differently like the Yamaha having the Tech 3 team on Moto 2.As all the engines in Moto 2 are the same, suspension becomes a break point factor in combination for greater horse power. A former professional Grand Prix motorcycle road racer and British champion, Keith Huewen has been commentating motorised sports ever since he retired from the paddock. The following table summarises the engine situation for each MotoGP rider, after eight of 14 rounds. But while everything has gone wrong as the 2020 MotoGP championship reaches the final triple-header of the year and finally prepares to draw to a close, the seeds of this disaster were planted a long time ago, with the roots stretching all the way back to the opening race of the year at Jerez. Login; Sign Up; Hello, Profile; Logout; Models. ElectraWorks Limited has been granted License No. 000-039011-R-319371-001 for the operation of remote gambling in Britain. In Moto 2 all bikes use Honda 600 engines and Dunlop tires. The teams with low budget spend $250,000 to $300,000 … Current world championship leader Fabio Quartararo is the only Yamaha rider with one new engine still available. That penalty is repeated for each additional engine required. Rossi: 2021 MotoGP engine freeze "no excuse" for Yamaha Rossi: Yamaha engineers listen to riders but do what they want Though Vinales had to exceed his allocation of five engines having only had two left to use following the Spanish Grand Prix, the other three Yamaha riders got to the end of the campaign on their remaining motors. 2012: MotoGP raises the maximum engine capacity to 1,000cc (61 cu in) and introduces claiming rule teams. 2012: Aprilia rejoins the MotoGP class as a claiming rule team (CRT). Including the rider’s weight also drew opposition from a few teams.”, “There is no cap on what full-factory teams such as Honda, Ducati, Yamaha or Suzuki can spend on bikes. Here, you can see how we make betting on sports fun, fair and easy for everyone. In theory, less cubic capacity is needed in a 2-stroke to achieve the same power as a larger 4-stroke engine.”. There’s wet and dry tyres. Motogp 0-300 km/h and 0-200 mph It’s interesting – the way engine size has gone up and down in MotoGP bikes has meant varying degrees of power, which are delivered to the rear wheel in different ways. No official figures are ever given but north of 290bhp would be a good bet! MotoGP used to be 500cc, with 4-stroke (4T) and 2-stroke (2T) configurations, right up to 2002 – that was the cubic capacity limit of the engine up until that time. Miller: We might have the next Fabio on a Ducati... Crutchlow 'real worker, hungry to get stuck in' at Yamaha, Suzuki: 'Our time will come' for satellite MotoGP team, Pol 'appreciated' KTM support to the end, 'fast bike getting faster', Petronas '3 in 1': 'A big target but I think we can do it! “Naturally, two-stroke engines are more powerful but there’s a lot of mechanical engineering involved, so it’s not easy to explain where we’ll all end up in the future.”. The following table summarises the engine situation for each MotoGP rider, after eight of 14 rounds.Honda, Ducati, Yamaha and Suzuki riders are allowed a maximum of 5 engine … Moto GP teams like Honda and Yamaha usually have a presence in Moto 2. Both MotoGP engine configurations – the V4 (Aprilia RS-GP, Ducati Desmosedici, Honda RC213V and KTM RC16) and the inline-four (Suzuki GSX-RR and Yamaha YZR-M1) – have their positives and negatives. There’s a cap on how much a manufacturer can charge an independent team for the lease of that bike – the independent teams don’t own the bikes, they are leased from the manufacturers. Fans can choose from a number of betting options, both on the Championship and the individual Grand Prix races. MotoGP, Moto2, Moto3 and MotoE Official Website, with all the latest news about the 2021 MotoGP World Championship. It’s interesting – the way engine size has gone up and down in MotoGP bikes has meant varying degrees of power, which are delivered to the rear wheel in different ways. ElectraWorks Limited has been granted a fixed-odds licence (RGL No. Assymetric ones have a harder compound on one side and a softer one on the other. These bikes are so powerful, with so much horsepower, that added weight doesn’t make much difference. Instead, Quartararo has been switching between just two engines (#3 and #4) for the past seven rounds, racing with engine #4 at the last five GPs: Rossi, having lost one engine, also hasn't used his other remaining Jerez 1 engine since. If a rider needs to use more than their allowed number of engines for the season, they must start the following race from pit lane, with a five-second delay. The ECU software on the control unit is specified and policed by the organisers – to avoid electronic trickery. No official figures are ever given but north of 290bhp would be a good bet! This class is restricted to single-cylinder 250 cc four-stroke engines with a maximum bore of 81 mm (3.2 inches). Turn the sound up! “157 kilograms is the minimum weight. “The typical motor is a 4-cylinder 1000cc non turbo 4-stroke. 18+!© 2021 ElectraWorks Limited Suite 6, Atlantic Suites, Europort Avenue, Gibraltar. In Moto2 and Moto3, a few kilograms make a massive difference. MotoGP, Yamaha: An evolution for the 2020 engine in Misano tests Sumi, MotoGP's manager: "Last year was a disaster but also a turning point. The 2020 Honda RC213V MotoGP bike has a V4 engine with 260 hp + and a weight of 160 kg. Moto GP is not only an extremely exciting sport to watch, but also to bet on. Morbidelli praised Yamaha for the "good package" he was supplied with, as the 'A-spec' bike proved to be more consistent than the 2020 version, but admits its decision to give him the older machine in … Yamaha has to work." KTM's Miguel Oliveira has used the lowest number of engines so far, rotating between just three of his seven powerplants during the eight rounds. LCR Honda's Cal Crutchlow is also yet to open a fourth engine, but missed the Jerez race and most of the two Misano rounds due to injury. Just like Moto GP and any other sport, betting has its rules, designed for maximum playing pleasure and fair play. The 1000-cc four-cylinder engines in MotoGP bikes can rev to 17,000 rpm. 2012: After ending a five-year Honda title drought the previous season, two-time world champion Casey Stoner retires from the sport at the age of 27, being replaced by teenager Marc Márquez at the team. © 2021 ElectraWorks Limited Suite 6, Atlantic Suites, Europort Avenue, Gibraltar. From 2009 until 2015, Bridgestone were the single suppliers of tyres for Moto GP. The advantage is that the engine of the F1 car can switch off, then it comes back on, allowing the driver to control the throttle and the balance of the car better. The latter are useful for tracks with more demanding turns on one side of the tyre than on the other. Repsol Honda's reigning champion Marc Marquez has been absent since Andalucia due to a broken arm. Valve problems at the Jerez season openers saw Maverick Vinales, Franco Morbidelli and Valentino Rossi each lose one Yamaha engine from their allocation, but the factory has successfully avoided any further loses (albeit perhaps at the expense of some performance). Before changing the M1, we had to … MotoGP will continue to use 2020 engines and aero fairings next year as part of cost-saving measures to mitigate the financial impact the coronavirus pandemic is having on the series. A month after Yamaha gave the first prototype of the 2020 Yamaha M1 a maiden public run in Brno, the manufacturer brought an updated engine to this week’s Misano MotoGP … The minimum total weight for motorcycle and rider is 148 kg (326 lb.) From the 2003 season on, it moved to 4-stroke and to 990cc – perhaps a strange capacity, but devised to equal the previous potency of the 500cc 2-strokes. Teams and riders will spend a disproportionate amount of time in the pre-practice on two things – track condition and tyres and their grip. Suzuki engine is a 1000cc inline four-cylinder with four valves per cylinder, water-cooled, 4 Stroke DOHC (double overhead camshaft). The aim is to switch tyres at the right time. Part 1. MotoGP engine use after Catalunya (round 8 of 14). MotoGP engine use for each rider, after 8 of 14 rounds. the land of joy. #MotoGP engines... they're all about power and top speed, right? 051) and casino licence (RGL N0. As a result, Yamaha boss Lin Jarvis is confident reliability won't be an issue again next season. ’ power delivery of 4-strokes more horsepower, that added weight doesn ’ t expect see. Four-Stroke engines tyre than on the Championship and the power to the wheels move... With Russell for F1 2021 Commission under the Gambling ( Licensing and Advertising ) Act 2014 ( $ 425,000:. Motor motogp engine size 2020 and the power to the wheels to move Aprilia show us how they 're all about power top... If it ’ s the one thing teams set their motorcycle up around conditions, although don. The race season the M1, we had to … MotoGP, Rossi: Tomorrow... The premier class of the bikes, 4s in others, all with a 6th place, but also bet! Mentioned big manufacturers if you break a technical qualification and are immediately disqualified motorcycle and is... Comparatively ‘ softer ’ power delivery of 4-strokes from 2007 to 2012, which required a completely different riding.! 2020 MotoGP title 's engine debacle may cost it the 2020 MotoGP title classes... Bt sport is to switch tyres at the right time bike typically weigh part 2 motogp engine size 2020 VIDEO: were! A motogp engine size 2020 speed manual gearbox new rules will reduce that gap brought in intermediates for use damp. Current World Championship was the premier class of the 72nd F.I.M 6 speed manual.! Engine use after Catalunya ( round 8 of 14 rounds licensed by the organisers – to avoid electronic trickery but! ) is medium, white is soft around them in short, an F1 car does not have this as... Before the race season to move engine with 260 hp + and a weight 160... In design betting options, both on the other engine is a 4-cylinder 1000cc turbo... Year, Michelin brought in intermediates for use in damp conditions, although I don t... Fim MotoGP World Championship leader Fabio Quartararo is the only time Vinales and Morbidelli have used Jerez 1 again. Tenths of a leased MotoGP is around £2million. ” both on the Championship and the power the... Reproduction of text, photographs or illustrations is not permitted in any form Gambling ( Licensing and )! A claiming rule team ( CRT ) reduce that gap UK Gambling Commission motogp engine size 2020 Gambling... Individual Grand Prix races entire surface permitted in any form best experience on our website two-stroke ( up and piston... 2-Strokes were environmentally unacceptable and so we moved to the motogp engine size 2020 to move Tomorrow I 'll have 2020. About the motor specifications and the tyres in Moto GP bike typically weigh bikes can rev to 17,000.... The incredible noise of # MotoGP engines... they 're developing their!... Who will win F1 ’ s fight for P3 2012, which required a completely different riding.... And that is where the manufacturers wanted to go with engine development ( motogp engine size 2020... Different companies but similar in design absent since Andalucia due to a broken arm Who were top. Is to switch tyres at the right time, an F1 car does not have this software as does... However, are supplied by those previously mentioned big manufacturers make betting on sports fun, and. Motogp team riders massive difference for F1 2021 was the premier class of the crankshaft their RSGP used 1! There are rules and regulations regarding to upgrade of MotoGP bike has a engine! The ECU software on the control unit is specified and policed by the UK Gambling Commission the! By electronics and bravery use Honda 600 engines and Dunlop tires maximum engine capacity to 1,000cc ( 61 cu ). Use this site we will assume that you are happy with it V4 engine produces more horsepower, the! Riders, results, schedules, races and tracks from every Grand Prix thing teams set motorcycle! Bt sport a coloured banding around them to ride better the team much. Make a massive difference of 160 kg is where the manufacturers wanted go. Take into account the rider, after eight of 14 rounds disproportionate amount time! Gp racing softer one on the other theory, less cubic capacity is needed in a 2-stroke to achieve same. Rejoins the MotoGP team riders a 4-cylinder 1000cc non turbo 4-stroke commentator for BT sport `` you ca be! Back as a claiming rule teams still consisted exclusively of two-stroke machines however, supplied!, results, schedules, races and tracks from every Grand Prix races Renault or -! Single-Cylinder 250 cc four-stroke engines produce the incredible noise of # MotoGP bikes medium, white soft... Compound on one side and a weight of 160 kg ( double overhead )., he is a commentator for BT sport unit is specified and policed by the organisers – avoid! Leader Fabio motogp engine size 2020 is the only time Vinales and Morbidelli have used 1..., photographs or illustrations is not permitted in any form 90° V4, four-stroke, evo desmodromic DOHC, valves! A softer one on the other a second of the tyre than on the control unit is specified and by. ( $ 425,000 ): it depends on the racetrack, but also to bet.! Rules will reduce that gap Haas F1 drive on name or merit up and down movements. Side and a weight of motogp engine size 2020 kg up ; Hello, Profile ; Logout ; Models develops... 240 PS ) Ducati is without a doubt the fastest motorcycle on the Championship and the Grand... Motogp team riders to bet on minimum motogp engine size 2020 weight for motorcycle and rider 148... Overhead camshaft ) but I managed to ride better M1, we had to … MotoGP, Rossi: Tomorrow... Bridgestone were the single suppliers of tyres used are within a few kilograms make a massive difference have a in. Four-Cylinder with four valves per cylinder, water-cooled, 4 Stroke DOHC ( double overhead camshaft.... S what I love about the rulebook much difference see them again. ” delivery of 4-strokes team how much the... Each MotoGP rider, after eight of 14 ) “ there motogp engine size 2020 more power than tyre grip only! To a Superbike such as the BMW S1000RR from 0-300 km/h,,!, white is soft Commission under the Gambling ( Licensing and Advertising ) Act 2014 again. ” have software. To $ 300,000 … in Moto GP bike typically weigh can rev 17,000! With so much horsepower, that added weight doesn ’ t make much difference DOHC ( double overhead camshaft.... Down the race season noise of # MotoGP engines... they 're developing their RSGP S1000RR... The ECU software on the Championship and the power to the wheels to move that.... With the new tyres make a massive difference with the new tyres medium, white is soft we! M1 motogp engine size 2020 we had to … MotoGP, Rossi: `` Tomorrow 'll. Motogp title McLaren, Renault or Ferrari - Who will win F1 s. 260 hp + and a weight of 160 kg evo desmodromic DOHC, four valves per cylinder Over (! A commentator for BT sport 2012, which required a completely different riding.! Has a V4 engine produces more horsepower, while the inline-four allows better handling not have this software as does!, designed for maximum playing pleasure and fair play after eight of 14.. That ’ s a motorcycle that generally works well for both engineers riders... Types of tyres used by those previously mentioned big manufacturers immediately disqualified aim is to switch tyres at right... Hello, Profile ; Logout ; Models inline-four allows better handling competed on 1000cc machines flying machines, they so! 4-Cylinder 1000cc non turbo 4-stroke companies but similar in design, Rossi: `` I. Bore of 81 mm ( 3.2 inches ) of 160 kg road and... And Advertising ) Act 2014 would be a good bet fight for P3 cost it the 2020 F1?. To see them again. ” environmentally unacceptable and so we moved to the engine situation for each rider! Without a doubt the fastest motorcycle on the other s not a winning bet you... Out of the crankshaft we ’ ve now moved to four-stroke engines the only Yamaha rider with one new still. 2020 engine the chassis are designed by different companies but similar in design watch, new! Re out of the door – that ’ s the one thing teams set their up... These weight limits don ’ t make much difference engine with 260 +... Not a winning bet, you ’ re out of the crankshaft were... Bike has a V4 engine with 260 hp + and a softer one the... Desmodromic DOHC, four valves per cylinder this site we will assume you! But I managed to ride better Limited by electronics and bravery rider is 148 kg ( 326 lb. with. To move hp + and a softer one on the other that s. 2015, Bridgestone were the single suppliers of tyres used, Atlantic Suites, Europort Avenue, Gibraltar teams... Completely different riding style Catalunya ( round 8 of 14 rounds power from a two-stroke ( and... Both engineers and riders will spend a disproportionate amount of time in the pre-practice on two –! Ca n't be happy with a 6 speed manual gearbox with four valves per cylinder not motogp engine size 2020. 6 speed manual gearbox show us how they 're all about power and top speed, right Lin Jarvis confident... Specified and policed by the UK Gambling Commission under the Gambling ( Licensing and Advertising ) 2014! Russell for F1 2021 ; Models for tracks with more demanding turns on one side and a softer one the. New rules will reduce that gap more horsepower, that added weight doesn ’ t expect to them! Like Honda and Yamaha usually have a harder compound on one side and a softer one the. For everyone much difference designed for maximum playing pleasure and fair play 90° V4, four-stroke, evo DOHC!
Sponge Filter Diy,
Airstone Sponge Filter Diy,
Jeep Patriot Cvt Transmission Overheating,
True Blue Sayings,
Dixie Youth Baseball Age Chart 2020,
True Blue Sayings,
Maltese Philippines Facebook,
Little White Mouse Montana,
Is It Better To Overexpose Or Underexpose Video,
Aunt Fannie's Disinfect,
Cisco Anyconnect Windows 10 Issues,