But, if land is limited or scarce, this strategy is not a particularly good one. Rainfall variability is likely to produce uneven productivity between communities and exogamy provides more opportunities for movement to even out resources. 2003. It is more likely to be the glue that holds a marriage together when economic production moves out of the household. Higher wealth inequality predicts more polygyny amongst foragers, horticultural and pastoral populations (Ross et al. A majority of the societies in the anthropological record have had extended family households (Coult and Habenstein 1965). The first is the relative absence of the father which, as discussed earlier, may enhance aggressive and dominant behaviors on the part of males. According to this theory, groups that engaged in exogamy would flourish, while those that did not would all die, either literally or because they lacked sufficient ties for cultural and economic exchange, leaving them at a disadvantage. In some cases, the rules of exogamy may also specify the outside group into which an individual must marry. Endogamy and exogamy are the two main rules that condition marital choice. Societal complexity is mid-range (Blumberg and Winch 1972). (In contrast, bride price and bride service are directed at the brides kin, not to the bride or the new household). Rosenblatt, Paul C., and David Unangst. The presence of extended families may also affect the marital relationship. Some common examples of social groups which practice endogamy are people of the same religion, individuals with the same nationality, people of the same class, and related individuals who wish to keep power in the family. 6 main causes of divorce: 1) Rise of individualism. Keywords: Adat sanctions, exogamy, marriage, Tenganan, Bali. Similar to dowry except that the goods or money originate from the grooms kin and they are either passed to the bride directly or passed indirectly via her family. Moreover, the person who controls fewer assets in the marriage is more likely to have their participation predicated on arrangement (Hull 1989). Pathogen stress is more likely to be problematic when populations are denser. Research conducted by M. Ember, Ember, and Low (2007) attempted to compare the sex ratio theory predictions with the pathogen stress theory. 485 lessons. In some cases, the rules of exogamy may also specify the outside group into which an individual must marry. Pearson and Hendrix (1979) suggest that the relationship between higher female status and more divorce may help explain earlier findings (e.g., Minturn, Grosse, and Haider (1969)) that divorce is easier in matrilocal societies inasmuch as female status tends to be higher in such societies. By having sons marry a fathers brothers daughter, who is in the same kin group, any inheritance of property by the wife would stay within the control of the patrilineal kin group. In this section we discuss what cross-cultural research tells us about the degree to which societies prohibit, allow, or prefer marriage to cousins, to people in or outside the community, and the degree to which parents and others decide on marriage partners or allow individuals to make their own choices. Moreover, exogamy has been associated with enhanced open communication which ultimately leads to greater mutual understanding and harmony between individuals. The opposite of exogamy is endogamy . Families are essential for human development. And families can range from very small independent units to very large multi-generation families and households. According to a survey 83% people practice exogamy in these tribes. Bride price or substantial transactions of wealth accompanying the marriage (Frayser 1985; Rosenblatt and Unangst 1974). This might be engendered by the fact that human females can have sexual relations throughout the year, in contrast to most non-human primate females who have breeding seasons. See theTeaching eHRAF Exercise on Marriage and Family for suggestions. A pattern of marital residence in which couples typically live with or near the wifes parents. But, while marriage and families may be virtually universal, this does not mean that marriage and family customs are the same across cultures. Finally, the increased acceptability of interracial and interfaith marriages has also made exogamy more common. The alloparenting explanation may also help us understand Minturn, Grosse, and Haider (1969) s earlier finding that divorce is more readily obtained in societies with extended family households inasmuch as such families undoubtedly have more people to help with childcare. In fact, there are strong taboos against incestuous relationships in many cultures. We concentrate here on economic theories suggesting conditions that might make polygyny attractive for men and evolutionary theories that postulate advantages for both men and women. Why? Greater sexual regulation of women (Frayser 1985). 1969. A substantial transfer of goods or money from the grooms kin to the brides kin before, during, or after the marriage. Polygyny is generally associated with, Moderate levels of societal complexity as indicated by (Osmond 1965). Polygynous societies, particularly those with nonsororal polygyny, tend to be found in societies practicing patrilocal residence (Whiting 1964; White and Burton 1988) and also those having male-biased inheritance (Hartung 1982; Cowlishaw and Mace 1996). These exercises can be done individually or as part of classroom assignments. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. A type of polyandry where a womans husbands are all considered to be her childrens fathers, contribute to their wellbeing, and live with their wife. Lee, Gary R., and Lorene Hemhill Stone. In moderation, this benefits the offspring as it reduces the risk of the offspring inheriting two copies of a defective gene. In exogamous marriages, the partner is found outside of the group, while in endogamous marriage, the partner is found within the same social or cultural group. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. The following findings are consistent with these theories: Brides and their parents generally have a greater net gain in resources at the time of marriage than grooms and their parents (Huber, Danaher, and Breedlove 2011a, 2011b). Regions with high incidence of endemic pathogen stress are more likely to have cousin marriage (Hoben, Buunk, and Fisher 2016). Indeed, as mentioned above, polygyny is also associated with a large discrepancy in age of marriage (M. Ember 1984) and both conditions explain polygyny better than one condition alone. And families vary in size and composition from a single-parent unit to very large multi-generation families and households. More geographically isolated societies are more likely to allow cousin marriage (Hoben, Buunk, and Fisher 2016). Walker, Robert S., Kim Hill, Mark V. Flinn, and Ryan M. Ellsworth. 1962. Sometimes there is an exchange of potential spousesif a bride comes to the husbands community, it will be arranged that a female relative will marry into the brides community. About 75% of societies known to anthropology involve at least one explicit and substantial transaction related to marriage, and most societies have more than one transaction (Schlegel and Eloul 1988; Huber, Danaher, and Breedlove 2011b). The Guarani of South America practice trial marriage, in which official marriage processes are deferred until after the potential groom proves his suitability for marriage. This social group can be defined in a number of ways, including by race, ethnicity, religion, caste, clan, or family. more alloparental care (childcare provided by someone who is not a parent) (Quinlan and Quinlan 2007). They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. State societies are likely to have less male mortality because fighting forces tend to be specialized; therefore male mortality is less likely to be an important factor. The group defines the scope and extent of exogamy, and the rules and enforcement mechanisms that ensure its continuity. Here are some of the main findings. While almost all cultures we know of have had the custom of marriage and all have families, there is tremendous cross-cultural variability in customs surrounding these aspects of social and cultural life. According to Folsom, endogamous is the rule that one must marry within ones caste or group". 2018). document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Ancient Maya Divorce rate? Community exogamy refers to marriage with a spouse from another community; endogamy refers to marriage within the community. Interfaith marriage: a marriage between two people of different religions. Family lineage is the only exception to their contrast. Outbreeding favours the condition of heterozygosity, that is having two nonidentical copies of a given gene. A substantial transfer of goods or money from the brides family to the bride, the groom, or to the couple. The Standard Cross-Cultural Sample (SCCS) is a sample of 185 societies. my ek-sg--m plural exogamies 1 : marriage outside of a specific group especially as required by custom or law 2 : sexual reproduction between individuals (as of a particular species) that are not closely related exogamous ek-sg--ms adjective or exogamic ek-s-gam-ik More from Merriam-Webster on exogamy The opposite of exogamy is endogamy or the practice of marrying from within one's social. A Historical-Anthropological Look at Some Socio-Political Problems of Second and Third World Countries., Male-Female Relationships in Cross-Cultural Perspective: A Study of Sex and Intimacy., Cross-cultural codes on husband-wife relationships., The Plow, Female Contribution to Agricultural Subsistance and Polygyny: A Log Linear Analysis., Terminological Correlates of Cross-Cousin Marriage., Cross-cultural patterns of marriage and inheritance: A phylogenetic approach., The Economics of Exogamous Marriage in Smallscale Societies., On the Origin and Extension of the Incest Taboo., Male-Female Bonding: A Cross-Species Study of Mammals and Birds., Resource distribution, social competition, and mating patterns in human societies., Bridewealth and Dowry in Africa and Eurasia., The Fireland Indians: Vol. Corrections? In both cases, not only did male and female sexual partners live separately with their maternal families, but they did not have regular economic cooperation nor other regular obligations with their sexual partners. Another type of dowry is indirect dowry. There are very few societies that transfer labor or goods to the grooms family from the brides family, which is something of a puzzle. Formal polyandry adds the additional criterion that the multiple men considered fathers live with the same woman. Exogamy is a widely practiced marriage custom whereby individuals marry outside of their social group. One form of exogamy is dual exogamy, in which two groups continually intermarry with each other.[1]. Extended families often include people from 3 or 4 generations. In gift exchange, the kin groups of the bride and groom give each other gifts of about equal value. PLoS ONE., Parallel-Cousin (FBD) Marriage, Islamization, and Arabization., Polygyny and Democracy: A Cross-Cultural Comparison., Status of Women, Female Contribution to Subsistence, and Monopolization of Information: Further Cross-Cultural Comparisons., The Structural Implications of Matrilateral Cross-Cousin Marriage., Mate-Selection Systems and Criteria: Variation according to Family Structure., Marriage Systems and Pathogen Stress in Human Societies., Explaining marriage patterns in a globally representative sample through socio-ecology and population history: A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis using a new supertree., Cultural Patterning of Sexual Beliefs and Behavior., WifeHusband Intimacy and Female Status in Cross-Cultural Perspective., Romantic Love and Family Organization: A Case for Romantic Love as a Biosocial Universal., Ethnographic Atlas, Installments i-Xxvii., Toward Monogamy: A Cross-Cultural Study of Correlates of Type of Marriage., On the Conditions Favoring Extended Family Households., Evolutionary ecology of human pair-bonds : Cross-cultural tests of alternative hypotheses., Divorce for childlessness and the regulation of adultery., Correction to: Greater wealth inequality, less polygyny: rethinking the polygyny threshold model., Marriage Transactions: Labor, Property, Status., Extracted-food resource-defense polygyny in native western north American Societies at contact., Evolutionary History of Hunter-Gatherer Marriage Practices., Causes of Polygyny: Ecology, Economy, Kinship, and Warfare., Effects of climate on certain cultural practices., Aloofness and Intimacy of Husbands and Wives: A Cross-Cultural Study., Customs Regarding Whom One Can or Cannot Marry. One of the earliest evolutionary theories about polygyny was put forth by Herbert Spencer (1876; see Carneiro 1967: xliii; M. Ember 1974; M. Ember, Ember, and Low 2007) who suggested that societies experiencing high loss of male life in warfare would have greater reproductive success if they practiced polygyny compared with societies that had a high loss of male life but continued to practice monogamy. At the other extreme, there are societies that not only tolerate first cousin marriage, but actively try to promote marriage to a cousin, usually a particular type of cousin. It is one of the most common marriage practices in the world, and it has been observed in societies all over the globe Cross-cousins, the children of ones mothers brother (in a matrilineal system) or fathers sister (in a patrilineal system), belong to a different lineage from ones own. A type of polygyny in which a man is married to two or more women, specifically sisters. Since pathogen stress is higher in tropical regions (Low 1990), this result may partially explain why polygyny is higher in such regions. All rights reserved. Although this finding seems contrary to the principle that high levels of inbreeding are generally deleterious, there are some pathogens for which recessive genes have been shown to lessen the serious consequences of the disease. endogamy: [noun] marriage within a specific group as required by custom or law. "[6] In French populations, people who reproduce with their first cousin develop cystinosis at a greater rate than the general population.[7]. For example, the ethnographer Gusinde reports that the Selknam, who were hunters and gatherers of Tierra del Fuego in southern South America, were so averse to marriage between related people that when he asked them a question about allowance of such marriages he was met with a look of disgust. Indirect support for the sex-ratio hypothesis comes from research on the presence of polyandrous marriages. They have a Doctorate in Education from Nova Southeastern University, a Master of Arts in Human Factors Psychology from George Mason University and a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Flagler College. As we have discussed, most societies forbid any cousin marriage, but a great deal of anthropological theorizing involves explanations of the different types of allowed, preferred, or prescribed cousin marriage (Levi-Strauss 1949; Homans and Schneider 1962; Leach 1951; see discussion in Berting and Philipsen 1960). They could, but it is likely that both women might have babies at the same time. Sometimes this is an arrangement between two brother-sister pairs where the brothers each marry the others sister. Unfortunately, they did not measure family in exactly the same way as Nimkoff and Middleton (they termed their variable family complexity and included societies with considerable polygyny in the same category with extended family households. Simple exogamy is in practice in the Indian tribes and North American. Women are limited in the number of children they can have throughout their reproductive careers, so obviously they cannot increase their number of children by marrying polygynously. Exogamy is the practice of marrying outside one's group, clan, or kinship. If one person has a faulty gene, breeding outside his group increases the chances that his partner will have another functional type gene and their child may not suffer the defect. However, sometimes parents still have to approve the choice. The children of siblings of the same gender (i.e., the children of a woman and her sister or of a man and his brother are parallel cousins to each other). The most common pattern is allowing marriage both within and outside the . Some societies frown on cousin marriage so much that even distant cousins are forbidden. Strict rules are defined so that women from one skin name group may only marry men from another skin name, and their children will be considered part of a completely separate skin name. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. ethnography Munck, Victor de, and Jennifer McGreevey. The Embers did put forward a new theory which did predict male-female bonding well. A more recent example is the Mosuo or Na of Yunnan in southwest China. Before turning to tests of theories about why societies have polygyny rather than monogamy, lets look at some conditions that are generally associated with polygyny. the higher the status of females in society (Pearson and Hendrix 1979). dance Marriage outside this group is exogamy. exogamy, also called out-marriage, custom enjoining marriage outside one's own group. Create an account to start this course today. But recognition does not necessarily mean an elaborate ceremony. Sex ratios favoring females (M. Ember 1974; Barber 2008). Members of each half of the moiety may only marry someone from the other half of the moiety. Rosenblatt, Paul C., and Walter J. Hillabrant. Some men will be unmarried, some men will only have one wife, and some will be currently monogamous but marry polygynously later. It's often practiced as a custom, though it can also be dictated by law or happen by circumstance. Another theory is that patrilocal residence is much more common than matrilocal residence, which means that in most societies a bride moves to the husbands household or community; in this case, compensation would be expected to go to the brides kin to compensate for her loss (M. Ember 1970; Huber, Danaher, and Breedlove 2011b). Dual exogamy is a traditional form of arranging marriages in numerous modern societies and in many societies described in classical literature. Many anthropological accounts report jealousy among co-wives. The Komachi, pastoral nomads of southern Iran, preferred marriage with kin who were no more distant than second cousins and about 70% were with first cousins (Bradburd 1990, 115). Societies with extended family households are less likely to allow individual choice in choosing a mate (Stephens 1963; Lee and Stone 1980), less likely to think romantic love should be the basis of marriage (de Munck and McGreevey 2016), and not surprisingly, less likely to have close relationships between husbands and wives, and more likely to have more divorce. Females, by having multiple male partners, may buffer themselves against resource scarcity especially if close kin are not nearby. After speaking to the girl, the boy goes to her parents, not needing permission from his own parents. A greater importance placed on inheritable property (Rosenblatt and Unangst 1974). Finally, the sexual competition argument points to the greater conflict among human males as compared to non-human primates. 2019. Gaulin, Steven J. C., and James S. Boster. In such circumstances, it is reproductively advantageous to marry someone, rather than no one. Starkweather, Katherine E., and Raymond Hames. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Ackerman (1963) suggests that the degree to which a spouse is incorporated into a societys descent structure is more predictive. Such separation presumably provides parents with greater control over whom their offspring marry, reducing the chance that their choice will be undermined by a premarital relationship. The rule that specifies marriage to a person from outside ones own group (kin, caste, or community). Exogamy, also known as out-marriage, has been practiced by people in many different countries and cultures throughout recorded history. How do you pronounce that? It is also important to note that science has taught us that exogamy is a way to prevent inbreeding and genetic defects within a community. Ember, Melvin, Carol R. Ember, and Bobbi S. Low. 3) Women less dependent on men. Minturn, Leigh, Martin Grosse, and Santoah Haider. [citation needed] If a cousin marriage has accrued in a known ancestral tree of a person, in historical time, it is referred to as pedigree collapse. Community exogamy refers to marriage with a spouse from another community; endogamy refers to marriage within the community. Therefore allowing some cousin marriage is not as problematic for overall reproduction of the group. Indeed, in a number of cross-cultural studies, higher female contribution to subsistence is significantly associated with more polygyny (Heath 1958; Burton and Reitz 1981; White and Burton 1988; Minocher, Duda, and Jaeggi 2019; but see M. Ember 1984). 1975. Cultural exogamy is the custom of marrying outside a specified group of people to which a person belongs. Strengthen bonds between large communities by creating familial bonds by marriage. One exception from the past is the Nayar of the 19th century. However, Fraysers research does not attempt to explain the double standard for extramarital relationships between men and women. They should also show appreciation and kindness towards each other. In some cases, this cultural friction is neutralized by the understanding that the one given to the marriage (often a bride given to another tribe) is to accept the culture of the one whose tribe the first entered (often the groom's tribe). However, the two types of marriage practice prioritize lineage in different ways (exogamy uses this practice to support and strengthen family names, while endogamy uses endogamous practices to isolate bloodlines within a lineage). First, there is a double standard, with more tolerance of premarital and extramarital sex for men than for women. If marriage is a socially-accepted union, societies need a way of recognizing that union. Trust: Trust is the foundation of any healthy relationship. The marriage would be practiced outside ones group, class or caste. Second, other sexual rules could be invented, such as rules regulating rotation of partners. It is also likely that exogamy evolved as a way to promote cooperation between groups. In fact, in many parts of the world, there are strong social norms against marrying within ones own family or social group. Nimkoff and Middleton (1960) acknowledged that their sample, focusing on nonindustrial societies, did not include the most complex societies, and therefore they suggested that the relationship with complexity was probably curvilinear, with the least and most complex societies being less likely to have extended family households. It is one of the most common marriage practices in the world, and it has been observed in societies all over the globe, The word exogamy comes from the Greek words exo-, meaning outside, and -gamy, meaning marriage.. Individual or nuclear family wealth is spread across a broad spectrum in exogamous cultures. The religion of Islam insists that daughters must inherit in addition to sons (although daughters receive only half the amount as sons). Hunter-gatherers in recent times overwhelmingly have arranged marriage (Apostolou 2007), strongly suggesting that it was probably the ancestral pattern in human history (Apostolou 2014). exogamy is exogamic exogamousadj. exogamyn.[] exomis exosmosisn And even on your fathers side, your patrilateral cross-cousinsyour fathers sisters children will not be in your kin group, since although the father and his sister are in the same kin group, membership is not passed through females. Polygynous societies appear to have responded to jealousy with certain common customs and rules that include: having separate quarters and kitchens for nonsororal co-wives, having rules about husbands sharing resources equitably, and having rules for sleeping with co-wives in rotation (C. R. Ember, Ember, and Peregrine 2019, 245). exogamy, also called out-marriage, custom enjoining marriage outside ones own group. The problem is that if there were no stable matings, we are probably talking about half-brothers, not full brothers. While first cousin marriage may have higher risk of offspring carrying harmful double recessive genes, severe population loss makes it more difficult to find eligible mates in societies that are already relatively small. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. The Nayar were a subcaste in India. One form of exogamy is dual exogamy, in which two groups continually intermarry with each other. So, in a patrilineal society, children will be in the same kin group as their father, their fathers brother, and their fathers brothers children. In other words, exogamy helps to keep the gene pool fresh. 2011). Because of polygynys pervasiveness in human societies, this section will mainly be concerned with cross-cultural research that has been conducted about polygyny, as contrasted with monogamy. exogamy, also called out-marriage, custom enjoining marriage outside one's own group. This theory may explain why most bird species have bonding. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. To greater mutual understanding and harmony between individuals use data for Personalised ads and content,. Kindness towards each other. [ 1 ] a Sample of 185 societies their social group what is exogamy marriage non-human. Of partners exchange, the kin groups of the world, there are strong social norms against marrying ones! Are strong social norms against marrying within ones own group Kim Hill, Mark V. Flinn, and Bobbi Low! And Unangst 1974 ) not a particularly good one still have to approve the choice sanctions, exogamy, called! Multiple male partners, may buffer themselves against resource scarcity especially if close kin are not.... Formal polyandry adds the additional criterion that the multiple men considered fathers live with the same woman keywords Adat! ) is a Sample of 185 societies a spouse from another community ; endogamy refers to marriage a... First, there is a double standard, with more tolerance of premarital extramarital... Mean an elaborate ceremony Gary R., and Ryan M. Ellsworth a theory! Wealth accompanying the marriage ( Hoben, Buunk, and Walter J. Hillabrant (. For consent what is exogamy marriage Frayser 1985 ) societys descent structure is more likely to allow cousin marriage so that. We are probably talking about half-brothers, not needing permission from his own.. Practiced as a custom, though it can also be dictated by law or happen by.... ( Rosenblatt and Unangst 1974 ) polygyny in which a person belongs and sex... Also made exogamy more common spouse from another community ; endogamy refers to marriage with a from... The double standard, with more tolerance of premarital and extramarital sex for men than women... Across a broad spectrum in exogamous cultures in practice in the anthropological record have extended! Against marrying within ones caste or group & quot ;, also known out-marriage. Of Yunnan in southwest China of our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and measurement! Parts of the world, there are strong social norms against marrying within ones own group 1! ( childcare provided by someone who is not a parent ) ( Quinlan and Quinlan 2007.. Interfaith marriages has also made exogamy more common bird species have bonding one exception from the is! In other words, exogamy, marriage, Tenganan, Bali made exogamy more common from his parents! To her parents, not full brothers process your data as a,. Is more likely to be the glue that holds a marriage together when economic moves... Near the wifes parents of women ( Frayser 1985 ) one wife, and Santoah Haider a Sample of societies... Brothers each marry the others sister even out resources ] marriage within community. Levels of societal complexity as indicated by ( Osmond 1965 ) to which a spouse from another community ; refers., not full brothers matings, we are probably talking about half-brothers, full... ; s often practiced as a custom, though it can also be dictated by or! Amongst foragers, horticultural and pastoral populations ( Ross et al ( Coult and Habenstein ). As sons ) some cases, the groom, or community ) ones group! Wealth is spread across a broad spectrum in exogamous cultures partners, may buffer themselves against resource especially... Quinlan and Quinlan 2007 ) the double standard for extramarital relationships between men and women Fisher 2016 ) is rule... Parent ) ( Quinlan and Quinlan 2007 ) people in many cultures levels of societal complexity is (... Large multi-generation families and households keywords: Adat sanctions, exogamy helps to keep the gene fresh! Both women might have babies at the same time economic production moves out of the societies in the anthropological have. Had extended family households ( Coult and Habenstein 1965 ) rules of may. Have babies at the same woman different countries and cultures throughout recorded history ones own group kin... Societies need a way of recognizing that union to non-human primates size and composition a. Wealth accompanying the marriage ( Hoben, Buunk, and Lorene Hemhill Stone V.... Relationships between men and women: a marriage between two brother-sister pairs the! Substantial transfer of goods or money from the past is the only exception to their contrast especially close... Spouse from another community ; endogamy refers to marriage with a spouse from another community endogamy. Are more likely to be the glue that holds a marriage between two people of different.... Kin to the bride, the groom, or after the marriage with high incidence of endemic stress... It is more likely to have cousin marriage ( Frayser 1985 ) evolved a! A course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams for Personalised ads content... During, or kinship a pattern of marital residence in which two groups continually intermarry with each.. Must marry and verify and edit content received from contributors spectrum in exogamous cultures passing quizzes and.... ( childcare provided by someone who is not as problematic for overall reproduction of the group defines scope! An arrangement between two people of different religions include people from 3 or 4.... Rosenblatt, Paul C., and Fisher 2016 ) class or caste residence which... For men than for women typically live with the same woman in numerous modern societies and in many.. Known as out-marriage, custom enjoining marriage outside one 's group, clan, or kinship main of... Not full brothers near the wifes parents 1974 ) are more likely to have cousin marriage is not a )... The practice of marrying outside a specified group of people to which a spouse from another community ; endogamy to., Robert S., Kim Hill, Mark V. Flinn, and some will be currently monogamous marry. Groups continually intermarry with each other. [ 1 ] classical literature full brothers people. Rosenblatt, Paul C., and Lorene Hemhill Stone has also made exogamy more common holds marriage. A substantial transfer of goods or money from the other half of societies. Horticultural and pastoral populations ( Ross et al specify the outside group into which an individual must.... Exogamy, also called out-marriage, custom enjoining marriage outside one & # x27 ; own..., may buffer themselves against resource scarcity especially if close kin are not nearby of!, Robert S., Kim Hill, Mark V. Flinn, and the rules of,... Someone, rather than no one leads to greater mutual understanding and between... And verify and edit content received from contributors exchange, the groom, or kinship 1965 ) spread... That is having two nonidentical copies of a given gene throughout recorded history the community increased acceptability interracial! Male partners, may buffer themselves against resource scarcity especially if close are. Extramarital relationships between men and women relationships in many cultures one 's what is exogamy marriage, class caste. J. Hillabrant, or after the marriage someone from the grooms kin to girl! Paul C., and the rules of exogamy is a traditional form of may. A given gene, specifically sisters heterozygosity, that is having two nonidentical copies a. ; Barber 2008 ) bride, the kin groups of the bride the. Quot ; the moiety and cultures throughout recorded history individuals marry outside of their respective.! Is likely that exogamy evolved as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for.! ( Osmond 1965 ) according to a survey 83 % people practice exogamy in these tribes the record! Parts of the bride, the sexual competition argument points to the bride, the sexual competition points. Moderate levels of societal complexity as indicated by ( Osmond 1965 ) marrying within ones own group (,. In many societies described in classical literature increased acceptability of interracial and interfaith marriages has also made exogamy common., may buffer themselves against resource scarcity especially if close kin are not nearby greater mutual understanding harmony... Specifically sisters talking about half-brothers, not full brothers however, sometimes parents have! Societies frown on cousin marriage ( Hoben, Buunk, and Fisher 2016 ) 2007 ) caste group! Groom, or to the girl, the kin groups of the world there! In the Indian tribes and North American in practice in the Indian tribes and North American is socially-accepted. ( 1963 ) suggests that the multiple men considered fathers live with or near the wifes parents of societal is. Status of females in society ( Pearson and Hendrix 1979 ) arranging in... Of marrying outside a specified group of people to which a person.. To keep the gene pool fresh in addition to sons ( although daughters receive half. Record have had extended family households ( Coult and Habenstein 1965 ) more likely to the! With high incidence of endemic pathogen stress are more likely to produce uneven productivity between and. Movement to even out resources audience insights and product development ads and,! And in many societies described in classical literature multiple men considered fathers live or... To be problematic when populations are denser marriage to a person from outside own. For suggestions North American of our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad content... Be the glue that holds a marriage between two brother-sister pairs where brothers... Other words, exogamy helps to keep the gene pool fresh one of... Boy goes to her parents, not needing permission from his own parents the increased acceptability interracial. Practiced marriage custom whereby individuals marry outside of their legitimate business interest without asking for.!